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  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal dimerization of methyl acrylate to dimethyl 2-methyleneglutarate was performed in a high pressure-high temperature flow apparatus at temperatures up to 420°C and pressures up to 200 bar. The head to head dimer dimethyl 2-methyl-3-methylenesuccinate was observed, too. Methyl vinyl ketone and acrylonitrile are able to dimerize analogously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3919-3926 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,5-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives: Conformation of Methyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-hexopyranosidesRing opening of methyl 2,6:3,4-dianhydro-α-D-altropyranoside (5) with KOH in water at 150°C yields almost exclusively the hitherto unknown methyl 2,6-anhydro-α-D-mannopyranoside (6). 1H NMR spectra of this compound and of all other α-anomers of this series suggest a conformation of the pyranose ring intermediate between the boat 2,5B(D) and the twist boat 5S1(D). This was verified by X-ray analysis of methyl 3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-α-D-altropyranoside (2).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbohydrates Containing the 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane Skeleton: 3,6-Anhydrohexofuranose Derivatives with D-gluco, D-manno, L-ido, and L-gulo ConfigurationAll possible 3,6-anhydrofuranoses as well as their triacetates, methyl glycosides, and methyl diacetylglycosides have been prepared, some of them for the first time. This allowed an analysis of the equilibria of the anomers of the free sugars in water and of the anomeric composition of methyl glycosides. 1H NMR spectra of these and other related derivatives showed the clear preference of conformations with quasi-axial orientation of the substituent at C-1. 13C NMR spectra and optical rotations are also discussed.
    Notes: Es wurden alle möglichen 3,6-Anhydrofuranosen sowie deren Triacetate, Methylglycoside und deren Diacetate z. T. erstmalig synthetisiert. Dies ermöglichte eine genaue Analyse der Anomerengleichgewichte sowohl der freien Verbindungen in wäßriger Lösung als auch bei deren Umsetzung zu den Methylglycosiden. Die 1H-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung der vorgenannten sowie weiterer Derivate ergab eine eindeutige Bevorzugung von Konformationen, in denen der Substituent an C-1 eine quasi-axiale Orientierung einnimmt. Darüberhinaus werden die 13C-NMR-spektren und die optischen Rotationen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1345-1353 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Methyl 2,5:3,6-Dianhydro-D-mannofuranosidesMonotosylation of methyl 3,6-anhydro-β-D-glucofuranoside gives as minor reaction product 1 which yields by treatment with sodium ethanolate methyl 2,5 : 3,6-dianhydro-β-D-mannofuranoside (2). The α-anomer 6 is equally prepared from 3 which is obtained by selective monotosylation of methyl 3,6-anhydro-β-L-gulofuranoside. Reaction of methyl 3,6-anhydro-2,5-di-O-tosyl-α-D-glucofuranoside (5) gives only small amounts of 6 accompanied by the monotosylate 4. Mass and NMR spectra (2D-1H and 13C) of the new dianhydrides 2 and 6 are described.
    Notes: Monotosylierung von Methyl-3,6-anhydro-bT-D-glucofuranosid ergibt als Nebenprodukt 1, dessen Behandlung mit Natrium-ethanolat zum Methyl-2,5 : 3,6-dianhydro-β-D-mannofuranosid (2) führt. Das entsprechende α-Anomere 6 kann analog aus 3, dem Produkt der selektiven Monotosylierung des Methyl-3,6-anhydro-β-L-gulofuranosids erhalten werden. Hingegen liefert die Umsetzung des Methyl-3,6-anhydro-2,5-di-O-tosyl-α-D-glucofuranosids (5) nur geringe Mengen 6 neben Monotosylat 4. Die NMR-Spektren (2D-1H und 13C) sowie der massenspektrometrische Zerfall der neuen Dianhydride 2 und 6 werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1591-1596 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XIV. - Selective Monotosylation of 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranoseMonotosylation of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine gives the 5-O-tosylate 2a in high yield (79%). As by-products of the reaction small amounts of the 3-O-monotosylate 3a (0.4%) as well as the 2,5- and 3,5-di-O-tosylates 4a (3.5%) and 5a (1.2%), respectively, are isolated. Product identification was achieved by 1H NMR spectroscopy in comparison with the data for the acetates 2b, 3b, 4b, and 5b. Observed selectivities are rationalized by concerning steric and electronic effects.
    Notes: Die Monotosylierung der 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) mit Tosylchlorid in Pyridin liefert hochselektiv das 5-O-Tosylat 2a (79%). Daneben konnten in geringer Menge das 3-O-Monotosylat 3a (0.4%) sowie die 2,5- und 3,5-Di-O-tosylate 4a (3.5%) bzw. 5a (1.2%) isoliert werden. Die Identifizierung der Produkte erfolgte durch 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie unter Berücksichtigung der Daten für die Acetate 2b, 3b, 4b und 5b. Die beobachteten Selektivitäten werden unter Beachtung elektronischer und sterischer Faktoren interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 613-625 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XI1).  -  1,6-Anhydro-α-L-idofuranoseThe title compound 13 is prepared on different routes from suitable benzyl derivatives with gluco-configuration. Preparations use the susceptibility of axial 5-O-benzyl groups in this compounds to selective hydrogenolysis, thus allowing subsequent inversion of configuration in this position from D-gluco to L-ido by an oxidation/reduction sequence. Only 0.08% of 13 are found in the equilibrium mixture of idose in acidic medium. It is shown with 4-C-methyltalose as example, that the amount of 1,6-anhydrofuranoses in these equilibria rises significantly by changing the hydroxy groups in 4-position from secondary to tertiary ones.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung 13 wird aus geeigneten benzylierten Derivaten mit gluco-Konfiguration auf verschiedenen Wegen synthetisiert. Bei der Darstellung wird die Möglichkeit der selektiven Hydrogenolyse von axialen Benzylgruppen in 5-Stellung in diesen Verbindungen genutzt, die eine anschließende Konfigurationsumkehr durch eine Oxidations-, Reduktionssequenz erlaubt und somit von der D-gluco- in die L-ido-Reihe führt. 13 ist in den sich in saurer Lösung der Idose einstellenden Gleichgewichtsgemischen lediglich zu 0.08% enthalten. Es wird anhand der 4-C-Methyltalose gezeigt, daß der 1,6-Anhydrofuranose-Anteil in diesen Gleichgewichten beim Wechsel der 4-Hydroxygruppe von einer sekundären zu einer tertiären erheblich steigt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 626-638 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XII1).  -  A Twistbrendane Sugar: 1,6: 2,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranoseThe title compound 9 is prepared via the benzyl derivative 8 either from 1,6-anhydro-3-O-benzyl-2-O-tosyl-α-L-idofuranose (7) or 1,6-anhydro-3-O-benzyl-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (5) by KOAc-mediated intermolecular nucleophilic substitution in boiling DMF. 8, 9 and 10 contain a trioxatwistbrendane system and are chiral derivatives of 2,4,7-trioxatricyclo[4.3.0.03,8]nonane substituted in position 9. X-ray analysis of 9 shows that six-membered rings (1,3- and 1,4- dioxanes) found in the system adopt almost ideal twist-boat (skew) conformations while the furanose and oxolane rings show conformations intermediate between T and E.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung 9 läßt sich entweder aus der 1,6-Anhydro-3-Ö-benzyl-2-O-tosyl-α-L-idofuranose (7) oder der 1,6-Anhydro-3-O-benzyl-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (5) durch intramolekulare Substitution (Kochen mit KOAc in DMF) über das Benzylderivat 8 darstellen. 8, 9 und 10 enthalten ein Trioxa-Twistbrendangerüst und sind chirale, in 9-Stellung substituierte Derivate des 2,4,7-Trioxatricyclo[4.3.0.0.3,8]nonans. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 9 zeigt, daß sowohl der im System enthaltene 1,3- als auch die 1,4-Dioxanringe nahezu ideale Twistboot-Konformationen (Skew-K.) einnehmen. während der Furanose- und der Oxolanring zwischen T und E liegende Konformationen aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 639-650 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XIII1).  -  Rearrangement of Internal Carbohydrate Ortho Esters to Acylated AnhydrosugarsInternal (“tricyclic”) sugar ortho esters rearrange in polar aprotic solvents acid catalyzed to acylated anhydrosugars. This is especially true for compounds with orthoacylated cis hydroxy groups in 1,2-position. Thus the galactofuranose derivative 2 gives 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-α-D-galactofuranose (3). But in other cases, as with internal ortho acetate 12 derived from monoisopropylideneglucose even better yields of the corresponding 3,6-anhydride 13 are obtained. For mechanistical reasons this is interesting, because in this case it is not possible to formulate an intermediate glycosyl cation. On the other hand, 2,3,5-O-orthoacetyl-1,6-anhydro-α-L-gulofuranose (15), for which the molecular structure is given, doesn't yield an expected monomeric dianhydrosugar, but instead the 1,2′:2,1′-dianhydride 16 of 3,6-anhydro-L-gulofuranose.
    Notes: Interne („tricyclische“) Zuckerorthoester lassen sich in polaren aprotischen Lösungsmitteln durch starke Säuren zu acylierten Anhydrozuckern umlagern. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn cis-Hydroxygruppen in 1- und 2-Stellung orthoacyliert sind. So läßt sich das Galactofuranose-Derivat 2 in 2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-α-D-galactofuranose (3) überführen. Aber auch in anderen Fällen, so beim internen Orthoacetat 12 der Monoisopropylidenglucose können sogar noch wesentlich bessere Ausbeuten am entsprechenden 3,6-Anhydrid 13 erzielt werden. Dies ist im Hinblick auf den Mechanismus interessant, da hier kein Glycosylkation als Zwischenstufe formuliert werden kann. Hingegen liefert 2,3,5-O-Orthoacetyl-1,6-anhydro-α-L-gulofuranose (15), an der eine Röntgenstrukturbestimmung vorgenommen wurde, nicht eine mögliche monomere Dianhydroverbindung, sondern ergibt das 1,2′:2,1′-Dianhydrid 16 der 3,6-Anhydro-L-gulofuranose.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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