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  • 1975-1979  (6)
  • Chemistry  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mirror-symmetric Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines from Pyrazolidine-3-one-N,N-betaines - a Contribution to the „Thermal Dimerization“ of 1,3-DipolesChemical reactions, i.r., 1H-n.m.r., and 13C-n.m.r. data show that the “thermal dimers” of pyrazolidine-3-one azomethinimines 2, which till now accidentally formed during the synthesis of 2 from pyrazolidine-3-ones 5 and aldehydes 6, are 5,11-diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine-1,9-diones 3, i.e. mirror-symmetric hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines with (C-5) and (C-11) placed on the mirror plane. From DREIDING models and from the nonequivalence, concerning 13C-n.m.r., of the pairs of carbon atoms in the o- resp. m-positions of the aryl substituent I at (C-5) of the “dimers” 3 is derived that the rotation of I is sterically hindered (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mole for 3b), and that the preferred arrangement of I is perpendicular to the plane of the hexahydrotetrazine ring. The “thermal dimerization” of the 1,3-dipoles 2 is a complex series of two addition and elimination steps proceeding in the presence of catalytical amounts of pyrazolidine-3-one 5 and of H⊕. The mechanism is rationalized, consequences are suggested concerning known “dimerizations” of 1,3-dipoles.
    Notes: Die bei der Synthese von Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen 2 aus Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und Aldehyden 6 bisher unkontrollierbar anfallenden „thermischen Dimeren“ von 2 sind aufgrund ihres chemischen Verhaltens, ihrer IR-, 1H- sowie 13C-NMR-Daten 5,11-Diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-dione-(1,9) 3, d. h. spiegelsymmetrische Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-Derivate, in denen C-5 und C-11 auf der Spiegelebene liegen. Aus DREIDING-Modellen und aus der laut 13C-NMR paarweisen Nichtäquivalenz der o- und der m-ständigen C-Atome im Arylsubstituenten I am (C-5) der „Dimeren“ 3 folgt, daß die Rotation von I sterisch gehindert ist (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mol für 3b) und daß I bevorzugt senkrecht zur Ebene des Hexahydrotetrazinringes steht. Die „thermische Dimerisierung“ der 1,3-Dipole 2 ist eine komplexe Folge von zwei Additions- und Eliminierungsschritten, die in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und von H⊕ ablaufen. Der Mechanismus wird begründet, auf Konsequenzen bezüglich bekannter 1,3-Dipol-„Dimerisierungen“ wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 281-296 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Discussion and Rationalization of 1H-n.m.r. Parameters for the Structural Assignment of 1,3- or 1,5- Disubstituted PyrazolesFor 44 1,3-disubstituted (1) or 1,5-disubstituted pyrazoles (2) with growing polarity μ of solvent the 1H-chemical shift δ (HC-5) (for 1) increases considerably more than δ (HC-3) (for 2), and, depending on the 5-substituent, δ (HC-3) often even decreases. This is interpreted in terms of nucleophilic interaction between polar solvent and “pyridine-like” pyrazole-(N-2), in enhancement of the contributions of polar canonical structures, in substituent effects, and in influences of the pyrazole dipole moments μr. Resultant dipole moments μr of disubstituted pyrazoles with the 3-resp. 5-substituents Me, Cl, NH2, and OMe, and their projections μ′r on the H-(C-5)-resp. H-(C-3)- bond axes are calculated.The chloro-pyrazoles 1h, 1i, 2h and 2i, 3-methoxy-, and 5-methoxy-1-benzyl-pyrazole are synthesized unambiguously. is recommended as significant parameter for the structural assignment of 1,3-disubstituted pyrazoles 1 and 1,5-disubstituted pyrazoles 2.
    Notes: Bei 44 1,3-disubstituierten (1) bzw. 1,5-disubstituierten Pyrazolen (2) steigt mit zunehmender Lösungsmittelpolarität μ die 1H-chemische Verschiebung δ (HC-5) (für 1) wesentlich stärker an als δ(HC-3) (für 2), und, abhängig vom 5-Substituenten, nimmt δ (HC-3) oft sogar ab. Dies wird mit nukleophiler Wechselwirkung zwischen polarem Lösungsmittel und „pyridinartigem“ Pyrazol-(N-2), mit Erhöhung des Gewichts polarer Grenzstrukturen mit Substituenteneffekten und mit Einflüssen des Pyrazol-Dipolmoments μr begründet. Gesamtdipolmomente μr disubstituierter Pyrazole mit den 3-bzw. 5-Substituenten Me, Cl, NH2 und OMe und ihre Projektionen μ′r auf die H-(C-5)- bzw. H-(C-3)-Bindungsachse werden berechnet.Die Chlor-pyrazole 1h, 1i, 2h und 2i sowie 3-Methoxy- und 5-Methoxy-1-benzyl-pyrazol werden eindeutig synthetisiert. wird als signifikanter Strukturparameter für 1,3-disubstituierte 1 bzw. 1,5-disubstituierte Pyrazole 2 empfohlen.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Isomerisation of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate to 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethiniminesThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate 1b and fumarate 5b to the 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine 2 is a stereospecific cisoid reaction yielding the perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a] pyrazoles 3b/4b in the molar ratio of 2:1, and 6b/7b in the molar ratio 1:1. Starting with each of the 4 stereoisomers, epimerization, catalysed by alcoholate, results in all 4 of them 3b, 4b, 6b and 7b with 7b as sterically favoured main product. During the addition reaction no epimerization is occurring. 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 318 (1976), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: General Synthesis of 1-Substituted Pyrazolidine-3-ones by Nucleophilic Grignard Addition at Carbonyl-stabilized AzomethiniminesBy means of Grignard compounds in THF the nucleophilic addition of alkyl, aralkyl or aryl groups at the C-6 atom of carbonyl-stabilized azomethinimines 1 is achieved. This new general synthesis gives high yields of 1-substituted pyrazolidine-3-ones 8. The C-6-substitution is proved by unambiguous syntheses and by 1H-n.m.r. C-4-Substituted azomethinimines 1 and Grignard compounds give mixtures of diastereomeric 1-substituted pyrazolidine-3-ones 8, as indicated by their 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra. The Grignard addition is thus shown to proceed not stereospecifically.
    Notes: An das C-6-Atom carbonylstabilisierter Azomethinimine 1 lassen sich Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Arylreste mit Hilfe von Grignard-Verbindungen in THF nucleophil addieren. Diese neue, allgemeine Synthese 1-substituierter Pyrazolidone-(3) 8 verläuft mit hoher Ausbeute. Die C-6-Substitution wird durch eindeutige Synthesen und NMR-spektroskopisch bewiesen. Die Grignard-Addition verläuft, wie an der NMR-spektroskopisch nachgewiesenen Bildung von diastereomeren 1-substituierten Pyrazolidonen-(3) 8 aus C-4-substituierten 1 gezeigt wird, nicht stereospezifisch.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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