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  • 1
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Substituted 3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazoles 1 react with chloroform, NaOH, and aceton resp. butan-2-one O-regiospecifically to yield 2-methyl-2-[(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]-propanoic resp. -butanoic acids 14 via a dichlorocarbene (12)-dichlorooxirane (9) pathway. Chlorides 17 of 14 easily cyclize to N-acylpyrazolium salts 18/19, which quantitatively afford esters 22-26 and amides 27-29 of 14. Enantiomers of the butanoic acid 14th, obtained via their diastereomeric cholesterol esters, differ in their stimulus to peroxisome proliferation. At 140 °C pyrazolium salts 18 undergo thermolysis to bicyclic β-oxa-γ-lactams 30-32. 3-Carboxyisoalkylamino-pyrazoles similarly give 1H-β-aza-γ-lactams 34. Reactions of 14 with surplus SOCl2 result in 6-chloro- 37 resp. 7-chloro-β-oxa-γ-lactams 38 via chlorosulfinylation and extrusion of SO, and in 4,4-bispyrazolyl-sulfoxide 39. A mild introduction of additional O-functions into pyrazoles affording 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-1H-pyrazoles 52-57 is presented. Biological effects of the new pyrazoles are protection against shock and ADP-induced thromboembolism, reduction of serum lipids and improvement of blood flow.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Lipases ; Pentanedioic anhydrides ; Alcoholysis, enantioselective ; Esterification, sequential ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (±)-anti-2,4-Dimethylpentanedioic anhydride (rac-1) was converted in good yields and with high enantiomeric excess by an enzyme-catalyzed sequential esterification into the (2R,4R)-monoester 2 and the (2S,4S)-diester ent-3. Best results were obtained with Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Lipases ; Pentanedioic anhydrides ; Alcoholysis, asymmetric ; Pentanedioates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of several enzymes, alcohols, and solvents on the stereochemical outcome of the asymmetric alcoholysis of 3-substituted pentanedioic anhydrides was investigated. The alcoholysis of 3-acetoxypentanedioic anhydride (5a) in diethyl ether with 2-methylpropanol afforded the (3S)-monoester (S)-6a with an enantiomeric excess of 〉 98% when the lipase from Candida sp. 382 was used as the enzyme. Under the same conditions, 3-methoxypentanedioic anhydride (5c) was converted by the lipase of Pseudomonas cepacia (Amano PS) into the (3R)-monoester (R)-6c with an e.e. of 90%.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Butanedioic anhydride, 2-methyl- ; Alcoholysis, enantio- and regioselective ; Esterification, enantioselective ; (S)-3-Methylbutan-4-olide ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of enantiomerically pure 1-(2-methylpropyl) 4-hydrogen (S)-2-methylbutanedioate (ent-3) by an enzyme-catalyzed sequential esterification of (±)-2-methylbutanedioic anhydride (rac-1) demands two different enzymes. Lipozyme, a lipase from Mucor miehei, was used for the alcoholysis of rac-1 to a mixture of the isomeric monoesters 2/ent-2 and 3/ent-3, whereas Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica, was required for the enantioselective conversion of a mixture of 3 and ent-3 into the easily separable neutral diester 4 and the acidic monoester ent-3, which thus was obtained in a yield of 26% with an enantiomeric excess of 99%. ent-3 was reduced by LiBH4 to (S)-3-methylbutan-4-olide (ent-10), a versatile chiral intermediate.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unambiguous Synthesis of 4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine  -  Further Comments on the “(N—C)-Rearrangement” of (2-Alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl-amino)pyrazols4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 1a is synthesized by decarboxylation of 1-benzyl-5-carboxy-4-hydroxy-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 4b and debenzylation of 1-benzyl-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 1b with sodium in liquid ammonia. The product from 3-amino-pyrazol and methyl propiolate, formerly described as 1a, obviously is the 6-oxo isomer 2a.Use of the parameter δ13(C=O) for the structural assignment of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones is only permitted, if in the corresponding media mainly the oxo-tautomer is existing. It is again demonstrated that DMSO is often an insufficient medium.Debenzylation of 1b and similar compounds with SeO2 is only possible, if the α-position of C=O is blocked by a substituent. Otherwise diselenids of type 6 are formed. This obviously is a general reaction of cyclic lactames.The cyclisation of (2-alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl-amino)pyrazols 7 in acidic media, and with catalytical amounts of the corresponding amino-pyrazols gives 6,7-dihydro-6-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 2 via amino 4-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl)pyrazols 8, i.e. via products of an “(N—C)-rearrangement”, while by thermal cyclisation of 7 4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 1 are formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 317 (1975), S. 877-880 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Isomerisation of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate to 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethiniminesThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate 1b and fumarate 5b to the 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine 2 is a stereospecific cisoid reaction yielding the perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a] pyrazoles 3b/4b in the molar ratio of 2:1, and 6b/7b in the molar ratio 1:1. Starting with each of the 4 stereoisomers, epimerization, catalysed by alcoholate, results in all 4 of them 3b, 4b, 6b and 7b with 7b as sterically favoured main product. During the addition reaction no epimerization is occurring. 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mirror-symmetric Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines from Pyrazolidine-3-one-N,N-betaines - a Contribution to the „Thermal Dimerization“ of 1,3-DipolesChemical reactions, i.r., 1H-n.m.r., and 13C-n.m.r. data show that the “thermal dimers” of pyrazolidine-3-one azomethinimines 2, which till now accidentally formed during the synthesis of 2 from pyrazolidine-3-ones 5 and aldehydes 6, are 5,11-diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine-1,9-diones 3, i.e. mirror-symmetric hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines with (C-5) and (C-11) placed on the mirror plane. From DREIDING models and from the nonequivalence, concerning 13C-n.m.r., of the pairs of carbon atoms in the o- resp. m-positions of the aryl substituent I at (C-5) of the “dimers” 3 is derived that the rotation of I is sterically hindered (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mole for 3b), and that the preferred arrangement of I is perpendicular to the plane of the hexahydrotetrazine ring. The “thermal dimerization” of the 1,3-dipoles 2 is a complex series of two addition and elimination steps proceeding in the presence of catalytical amounts of pyrazolidine-3-one 5 and of H⊕. The mechanism is rationalized, consequences are suggested concerning known “dimerizations” of 1,3-dipoles.
    Notes: Die bei der Synthese von Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen 2 aus Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und Aldehyden 6 bisher unkontrollierbar anfallenden „thermischen Dimeren“ von 2 sind aufgrund ihres chemischen Verhaltens, ihrer IR-, 1H- sowie 13C-NMR-Daten 5,11-Diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-dione-(1,9) 3, d. h. spiegelsymmetrische Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-Derivate, in denen C-5 und C-11 auf der Spiegelebene liegen. Aus DREIDING-Modellen und aus der laut 13C-NMR paarweisen Nichtäquivalenz der o- und der m-ständigen C-Atome im Arylsubstituenten I am (C-5) der „Dimeren“ 3 folgt, daß die Rotation von I sterisch gehindert ist (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mol für 3b) und daß I bevorzugt senkrecht zur Ebene des Hexahydrotetrazinringes steht. Die „thermische Dimerisierung“ der 1,3-Dipole 2 ist eine komplexe Folge von zwei Additions- und Eliminierungsschritten, die in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und von H⊕ ablaufen. Der Mechanismus wird begründet, auf Konsequenzen bezüglich bekannter 1,3-Dipol-„Dimerisierungen“ wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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