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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unambiguous Synthesis of 4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine  -  Further Comments on the “(N—C)-Rearrangement” of (2-Alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl-amino)pyrazols4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 1a is synthesized by decarboxylation of 1-benzyl-5-carboxy-4-hydroxy-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 4b and debenzylation of 1-benzyl-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 1b with sodium in liquid ammonia. The product from 3-amino-pyrazol and methyl propiolate, formerly described as 1a, obviously is the 6-oxo isomer 2a.Use of the parameter δ13(C=O) for the structural assignment of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones is only permitted, if in the corresponding media mainly the oxo-tautomer is existing. It is again demonstrated that DMSO is often an insufficient medium.Debenzylation of 1b and similar compounds with SeO2 is only possible, if the α-position of C=O is blocked by a substituent. Otherwise diselenids of type 6 are formed. This obviously is a general reaction of cyclic lactames.The cyclisation of (2-alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl-amino)pyrazols 7 in acidic media, and with catalytical amounts of the corresponding amino-pyrazols gives 6,7-dihydro-6-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 2 via amino 4-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-vinyl)pyrazols 8, i.e. via products of an “(N—C)-rearrangement”, while by thermal cyclisation of 7 4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 1 are formed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Substituted 3-hydroxy-1H-pyrazoles 1 react with chloroform, NaOH, and aceton resp. butan-2-one O-regiospecifically to yield 2-methyl-2-[(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]-propanoic resp. -butanoic acids 14 via a dichlorocarbene (12)-dichlorooxirane (9) pathway. Chlorides 17 of 14 easily cyclize to N-acylpyrazolium salts 18/19, which quantitatively afford esters 22-26 and amides 27-29 of 14. Enantiomers of the butanoic acid 14th, obtained via their diastereomeric cholesterol esters, differ in their stimulus to peroxisome proliferation. At 140 °C pyrazolium salts 18 undergo thermolysis to bicyclic β-oxa-γ-lactams 30-32. 3-Carboxyisoalkylamino-pyrazoles similarly give 1H-β-aza-γ-lactams 34. Reactions of 14 with surplus SOCl2 result in 6-chloro- 37 resp. 7-chloro-β-oxa-γ-lactams 38 via chlorosulfinylation and extrusion of SO, and in 4,4-bispyrazolyl-sulfoxide 39. A mild introduction of additional O-functions into pyrazoles affording 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-1H-pyrazoles 52-57 is presented. Biological effects of the new pyrazoles are protection against shock and ADP-induced thromboembolism, reduction of serum lipids and improvement of blood flow.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 317 (1975), S. 877-880 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Isomerisation of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate to 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethiniminesThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate 1b and fumarate 5b to the 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine 2 is a stereospecific cisoid reaction yielding the perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a] pyrazoles 3b/4b in the molar ratio of 2:1, and 6b/7b in the molar ratio 1:1. Starting with each of the 4 stereoisomers, epimerization, catalysed by alcoholate, results in all 4 of them 3b, 4b, 6b and 7b with 7b as sterically favoured main product. During the addition reaction no epimerization is occurring. 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Butanedioic anhydride, 2-methyl- ; Alcoholysis, enantio- and regioselective ; Esterification, enantioselective ; (S)-3-Methylbutan-4-olide ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of enantiomerically pure 1-(2-methylpropyl) 4-hydrogen (S)-2-methylbutanedioate (ent-3) by an enzyme-catalyzed sequential esterification of (±)-2-methylbutanedioic anhydride (rac-1) demands two different enzymes. Lipozyme, a lipase from Mucor miehei, was used for the alcoholysis of rac-1 to a mixture of the isomeric monoesters 2/ent-2 and 3/ent-3, whereas Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica, was required for the enantioselective conversion of a mixture of 3 and ent-3 into the easily separable neutral diester 4 and the acidic monoester ent-3, which thus was obtained in a yield of 26% with an enantiomeric excess of 99%. ent-3 was reduced by LiBH4 to (S)-3-methylbutan-4-olide (ent-10), a versatile chiral intermediate.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mirror-symmetric Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines from Pyrazolidine-3-one-N,N-betaines - a Contribution to the „Thermal Dimerization“ of 1,3-DipolesChemical reactions, i.r., 1H-n.m.r., and 13C-n.m.r. data show that the “thermal dimers” of pyrazolidine-3-one azomethinimines 2, which till now accidentally formed during the synthesis of 2 from pyrazolidine-3-ones 5 and aldehydes 6, are 5,11-diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine-1,9-diones 3, i.e. mirror-symmetric hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines with (C-5) and (C-11) placed on the mirror plane. From DREIDING models and from the nonequivalence, concerning 13C-n.m.r., of the pairs of carbon atoms in the o- resp. m-positions of the aryl substituent I at (C-5) of the “dimers” 3 is derived that the rotation of I is sterically hindered (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mole for 3b), and that the preferred arrangement of I is perpendicular to the plane of the hexahydrotetrazine ring. The “thermal dimerization” of the 1,3-dipoles 2 is a complex series of two addition and elimination steps proceeding in the presence of catalytical amounts of pyrazolidine-3-one 5 and of H⊕. The mechanism is rationalized, consequences are suggested concerning known “dimerizations” of 1,3-dipoles.
    Notes: Die bei der Synthese von Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen 2 aus Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und Aldehyden 6 bisher unkontrollierbar anfallenden „thermischen Dimeren“ von 2 sind aufgrund ihres chemischen Verhaltens, ihrer IR-, 1H- sowie 13C-NMR-Daten 5,11-Diaryl-perhydro-dipyrazolo[1,2-a; 1′,2′-d][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-dione-(1,9) 3, d. h. spiegelsymmetrische Hexahydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-Derivate, in denen C-5 und C-11 auf der Spiegelebene liegen. Aus DREIDING-Modellen und aus der laut 13C-NMR paarweisen Nichtäquivalenz der o- und der m-ständigen C-Atome im Arylsubstituenten I am (C-5) der „Dimeren“ 3 folgt, daß die Rotation von I sterisch gehindert ist (ΔGc≠ = 16,3 kcal/mol für 3b) und daß I bevorzugt senkrecht zur Ebene des Hexahydrotetrazinringes steht. Die „thermische Dimerisierung“ der 1,3-Dipole 2 ist eine komplexe Folge von zwei Additions- und Eliminierungsschritten, die in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Pyrazolidon-(3) 5 und von H⊕ ablaufen. Der Mechanismus wird begründet, auf Konsequenzen bezüglich bekannter 1,3-Dipol-„Dimerisierungen“ wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Pentanedioic anhydride, 2-methyl ; Alcoholysis, enantio- and regioselective ; Esterification sequential ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enzyme-catalyzed sequential esterification of (±)-2-methylpentanedioic anhydride (rac-1) with 2-methylpropanol in diethyl ether afforded a 1:1 mixture of 1-(2-methylpropyl) 5-hydrogen (S)-4-methylpentanedioate (ent-2) with an enantiomeric excess of 88% and 1-(2-methylpropyl) 5-hydrogen (R)-2-methylpentanedioate (3) with an e.e. of 99% besides a considerable amount of the diester ent-4. Exploiting the ability of the enzymes Novozym and SP 382 to differentiate between the two enantiomers and to catalyze the alcoholysis of both enantiomers with opposite regioselectivity, we reduced the resolution of rac-1 to a simple chromatographic separation of enantiomerically enriched regioisomeric monoesters. The high optical purity of monoester 3 could be achieved due to the fast conversion of its enantiomer into the diester ent-4. Via reduction with lithium borohydride the monoesters ent-2 and 3 were converted into the corresponding δ-valerolactones ent-5 and 6.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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