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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Congestive heart failure ; PDE inhibition ; Positive inotropic action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase-inhibitor, is a potent inotropic vasodilator agent that causes a marked improvement in hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure. The acute effects of oral enoximone on rest and exercise hemodynamics, ejection fraction, aerobic metabolism, exercise capacity, and arrhythmias were studied in 11 patients with moderate to moderately severe dilative cardiomyopathy after 8 days of enoximone (100 mg tid) in addition to baseline therapy (diuretics and digitalis). The cardiac index increased from 2.44±0.45 to 2.72±0.50 l/min/m2 (p〈0.01) at rest and from 4.00±0.96 to 4.75±0.95 l/min/m2 (p〈0.005) during exercise. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 16.8±7.3 to 12.5±6.5 mmHg (p〈0.005) at rest and from 28.2±8.0 to 24.5±10.3 mmHg (p〈 0.05) during exercise. Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1608±243 to 1495±300 dynes*sec*cm−5 (p〈0.05) at rest and from 1152±155 to 1027±236 dynes*sec*cm−5 (ns) during exercise. The anaerobic threshold, which was recorded simultaneously, increased from 13.2±2.7 to 15.5± 2.5ml/kg/min VO2 (p〈0.02). The radionuclide ventriculography ejection fraction improved from 21.7±5.0 to 28.1±9.1% (p〈0.01) during exercise; the changes at rest were not significant (20.8±6.2 vs 25.8±8.4%). Exercise tolerance showed an increase of 16% (492±133 to 573±135 sec, p〈 0.005). The resting heart rate remained unchanged (81.8±13.4 vs 81.8±11.9). Interestingly, 24-h Holter monitoring revealed more or new repetitive arrhythmias in 9/11 patients. Short-term therapy with oral enoximone enhances ventricular performance by increasing cardiac contractility and lowering vascular resistance, both of which extend exercise tolerance and improve aerobic metabolism. Potential proarrhythmic effects need further evaluation, however.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Demodex folliculorum ; Chronische Blepharitis ; 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe ; Lindan (Jacutin®) ; Key words Demodex folliculorum ; Chronic blepharitis ; Mercury ointment ; 2% ; Lindan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Demodex folliculorum has been demonstrated with an elevated frequency in patients with blepharitis, and is thought to cause therapy-resistant blepharitis. This paper presents the germ spectrum of patients with blepharitis and demodex and discusses the efficiency of a specific therapy. Methods. In all, 3152 cilia from 139 patients with blepharitis (38% blepharitis, 44% blepharoconjunctivitis, others) and 108 persons with quiet eyes were examined for demodex. Smears n = 125, from the conjunctive of symptomatic patients were investigated for bacteria, 3 weeks of therapy with mercury ointment, 2%: Lindan, cortisone (prednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, fluorometholone) or antibiotics after antibiogram (gentamicin, kanamicin, neomicin, erythromicin, ofloxacin, polymyxin-B, colistin) followed in all Demodex-positive blepharitis patients (n = 41). Results. Demodex was found in 52% (62/139) of patients with chronic blepharitis, as against 20% (3/15) of those with acute blepharitis (statistically significant difference, χ 2-test, α = 2.5%) and in 29% of quiet eyes (statistically significantly less, α = 2.5%, χ 2-test). Gram-positive cocci were isolated from 79% of 57 Demodex-positive patients with blepharitis and 72% of 68 Demodex-negative patients anaerobes in 39% and 37%, gram-negative rods in 11% and 3% (statistically significant difference for gram-negative rods, α = 5%, χ 2-test). Of the patients with Demodex, 25% apparently had no more parasites after mercury ointment, 2% (n = 8) and lindan (n = 5) and 15% after cortisone and antibiotics (n = 13). (The best and statistically very significant results (α = 1%) were those obtained with mercury ointment, 2%, and lindan: t-test for connected spot checks). Conclusions. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria grew more often in patients with Demodex. Demodex seems to be a mediator of chronic blepharitis; we recommend that mites be sought in cilia of chronic blepharitis patients. Mercury ointment, 2% and lindan proved efficient for specific therapy, the main problem being the laborious application and toxicity.
    Notes: Demodex folliculorum wurde vermehrt bei Blepharitispatienten nachgewiesen und als Vermittler therapieresistenter Blepharitiden postuliert. Diese Studie zeigt das Erregerspektrum von Blepharitispatienten mit positivem Demodexnachweis sowie die Effizienz einer spezifischen Therapie. Methode: 3152 Wimpern von 139 Blepharitispatienten (38% Blepharitis, 44% Blepharokonjunktivitis, 18% sonstige) und 108 Normalprobanden wurden auf Demodex untersucht, 125 Bindehautabstriche wurden vorgenommen. 41 Demodex-positiven Blepharitispatienten applizierten wir 3 Wochen 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe, Lindan (Jacutin®), Kortison (Prednisolon, Dexamethason, Hydrokortison, Fluorometholon) und Antibiotika nach dem Antibiogramm (Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, Polymyxin-B, Colistin). Ergebnisse: Demodex wurde in 52% der Fälle (62 von 139) bei chronischer Blepharitis und in 20% der Fälle (3 von 15) bei akuter Blepharitis nachgewiesen (statistisch signifikanter Unterschied im χ 2-Test, α = 2,5%), im Normalkollektiv bei 29% der Probanden (31 von 108) (statistisch signifikant weniger, α = 2,5%, χ 2-Test). Isoliert wurden grampositive Kokken bei 79% der 57 Demodex-positiven Blepharitispatienten und 72% der 68 Demodex-negativen, Anaerobier bei 39 vs. 37% und gramnegative Stäbchen bei 11 vs. 3% (statistisch signifikanter Unterschied bei gramnegativen Stäbchen für α = 5%, χ 2-Test). 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe, (n = 8) und Lindan (Jacutin®) (n = 5) führten in je 25% der Fälle zu negativem Parasitennachweis, Kortison und Antibiotika (n = 13) in 15% der Fälle [beste und statistisch sehr signifikante Ergebnisse (α = 1%) für Hg-Salbe und Lindan, t-Test für verbundene Stichproben]. Schlußfolgerung: Vermehrt isolierbar waren bei Demodex-positiven Patienten grampositive und gramnegative Bakterien. Demodex scheint Vermittler einer chronischen Blepharitis zu sein, wir empfehlen daher die Untersuchung von Wimpern auf Demodex bei chronischer Blepharitis. 2%ige Quecksilbersalbe und Lindan (Jacutin®) zeigten sich therapeutisch effizient, erschwerend ist ihre mühsame Anwendung und Toxizität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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