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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of chronic and acute hypoxia on oxygen affinity and red cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate of rats and guinea pigs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 11 (1971), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate ; Altitude acclimatization ; Oxygen equilibrium curve ; P"5"0
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(71)90018-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the carbon dioxide affinity of human haemoglobin solutions by 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 10 (1970), S. 10-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate ; Bohr effect ; Carbamate ; Carbon dioxide ; Haemoglobin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0034-5687(70)90022-8
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of glycosyltransferases among Golgi apparatus subfractions from liver and hepatomas of the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 1115 (1991), S. 108-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Glycosyltransferase ; Golgi apparatus ; Hepatoma ; Liver
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(91)90019-D
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of shock-induced inflammation in the rat liver depends on the time of TNF-α inhibition (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tumor necrosis factor ; Hemorrhagic shock ; Leukocyte adhesion ; Intravital microscopy ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relevance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inducing early inflammatory reactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock, for example, leukocyte adhesion, has been well described. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TN3.19.12) in terms of the time of application, namely, prior to shock induction, at the time of resuscitation, and after resuscitation. The hepatic micro-circulation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy in female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing severe hemorrhagic shock for 60 min and subsequent resuscitation. TN3.19.12 or placebo was given in a randomized and blinded manner either 60 min prior to shock induction, l min prior to resuscitation, or 15 min after the onset of resuscitation. The number of firmly adherent leukocytes in the livers of treated animals depended on the time of application of TN3.19.12. Leukocyte adhesion was significantly reduced when TN3.19.12 was given prior to shock induction or at the time of resuscitation and was less effective when administered after the onset of resuscitation. The results further confirm that TNF-α initiates very early pathological leukocyte adhesion in the liver 5 h following shock. Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion after shock, however, depends strongly on the time of TNF-α blocking. While TN3.19.12 prior to shock induction resulted in most effective attenuation, only very early treatment allowed limitation of posttraumatically increased leukocyte adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202072
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of shock-induced inflammation in the rat liver depends on the time of TNF-α inhibition (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Tumor necrosis factor ; Hemorrhagic shock ; Leukocyte adhesion ; Intravital microscopy ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The relevance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inducing early inflammatory reactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock, for example, leukocyte adhesion, has been well described. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TN3.19.12) in terms of the time of application, namely, prior to shock induction, at the time of resuscitation, and after resuscitation. The hepatic microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy in female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing severe hemorrhagic shock for 60 min and subsequent resuscitation. TN3.19.12 or placebo was given in a randomized and blinded manner either 60 min prior to shock induction, 1 min prior to resuscitation, or 15 min after the onset of resuscitation. The number of firmly adherent leukocytes in the livers of treated animals depended on the time of application of TN3.19.12. Leukocyte adhesion was significantly reduced when TN3.19.12 was given prior to shock induction or at the time of resuscitation and was less effective when administered after the onset of resuscitation. The results further confirm that TNF-α initiates very early pathological leukocyte adhesion in the liver 5 h following shock. Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion after shock, however, depends strongly on the time of TNF-α blocking. While TN3.19.12 prior to shock induction resulted in most effective attenuation, only very early treatment allowed limitation of posttraumatically increased leukocyte adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202072
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of erythropoietin in adaptation to hypoxia (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 1197-1201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hypoxia ; oxygen sensing ; erythropoietin ; isolated kidneys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO) counteracts tissue hypoxia by increasing the systemic oxygen-carrying capacity. It induces augmentation of red blood cell mass by stimulating the formation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow. EPO production is increased under various forms of diminished oxygen supply such as anemic or hypoxic hypoxia. In the adult organism, the kidneys are the major source of EPO. The precise nature of the cells responsible for renal EPO production, however, has not yet been elucidated. Most likely, peritubular cortical cells, e.g. interstitial or endothelial cells, are involved in the elaboration of the hormone. From the observation that isolated perfused rat kidneys produce EPO in an oxygen-dependent fashion we conclude that the ‘oxygen sensor’ that controls hypoxia-induced EPO synthesis is located in the kidney itself. Within the kidneys, the local venous oxygen tension which reflects the ratio of oxygen supply to oxygen consumption is measured and transformed into a signal that regulates the formation of EPO. However, the mechanism by which a decrease of oxygen delivery to the kidneys is linked to an enhanced EPO gene expression is not yet known. Two possible mechanisms of regulation are discussed: First, renal hypoxia could lead to enhanced formation of metabolic mediators, for example prostaglandins or adenosine, which might stimulate EPO gene transcription by increasing cellular levels of second messenger molecules. Second, some kind of molecular ‘oxygen receptor’ such as a heme protein, that controls EPO formation by an oxygen-dependent conformational change, could mediate signal transduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01936936
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fasting on the hypoxia-induced erythropoietin production in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 396 (1983), S. 174-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Erythropoiesis ; Hypoxia ; Nutrition ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to test the hypothesis that the early cessation of erythropoietin (Ep) production during hypobaric hypoxia is induced by lowered food intake, we have compared the plasma Ep titer of rats after exposure to continuous hypoxia (42.6 kPa 2259 700 m altitude) for 4 days with that in fed or fasted rats after exposure to discontinuous hypoxia. We found that plasma Ep was rather low after 4 days of continuous hypoxia. However, the Ep titer significantly rose again, when rats were maintained normoxic for 18 h and then exposed to repeated hypoxia for 6 h. Because this was also found in rats which were deprived of food during the normoxic interval and the second hypoxic period, we conclude that the fall of the Ep titer during continuous hypoxia is not primarily due to reduced food intake. In addition, our findings show that fasting per se lowers the Ep-response to hypoxia in normal rats but not exhypoxic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615522
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-dependent erythropoietin production by the isolated perfused rat kidney (1991)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 418 (1991), S. 228-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Isolated perfused kidney ; Radioimmunoassay ; Hypoxia ; Renal oxygen sensing ; cAMP ; cGMP ; Calmodulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we have investigated the role of oxygen delivery and of classic second messengers on erythropoietin production by the isolated perfused rat kidney. We found that the rat kidney was capable of de novo synthesis of erythropoietin. The erythropoietin production rate was inversely related to the oxygen pressure in the perfusate and increased from 0.17 to 1.85 U erythropoietin h−1 g kidney−1 when arterial PO2 was lowered from 500 mmHg to 30 mmHg. Addition of forskolin (10 μM) and 8-bromo-cGMP (100 μM) to the perfusate elicited significant effects on the renal vascular resistance, but had no significant effect on erythropoietin production. Hypoxia-induced erythropoietin formation, however, was blocked by calmidazolium (1 μM) and W-7 (10 μM), two structurally different putative calmodulin antagonists. Calmidazolium and W-7 had no effect on other functional parameters of the isolated perfused rat kidney such as flow rate, glomerular filtration rate or sodium reabsorption. Our findings suggest that the oxygen-sensing mechanism that controls renal erythropoietin production is primarily located in the kidney itself. A calcium/calmodulin-dependent cellular reaction could be involved in the signal transduction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flächenpressung unter Schrauben aus austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 7 (1976), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Allowable limits for loads under heads of fasteners out of stainless austenitic chromium nickel steels. Safety and load carrying capacity of fastened joints are determined through the strength of the fasteners, the pressure under the head and nuts which can be endured without plastic deformations and the variation of the actual preload. The strength of screws of stainless steels are known with its variations since long time. The allowable pressure under the head and nut of fasteners for the various austenitic chromium steels in the solution annealed and cold formed condition are not known so far. The result of such investigations for the important austenitic chromium steels are published herewith. The now known loadability limits must be recognized. After loading above these limits a recreational effect was observed for which interpretations and explanations still have to be found.
    Notes: Sicherheit und Belastbarkeit von Schraubenverbindungen werden durch die Festigkeit der Schrauben, die ohne plastische Verformungen ertragbaren Flächenpressungen der verspannten Teile unter Schrauben/Mutternauflagen sowie durch die Streubreite der wirksamen Vorspannung bestimmt. Die mechanischen Festigkeiten von Schrauben aus nichtrostendem Stahl sind lange bekannt. Die zulässigen Flächenpressungen austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-Stähle im lösungsgeglühten wie im kalt verformten Zustand wurden bisher nicht ermittelt. Diese Erkenntnislücke wird für die wichtigsten austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stähle geschlossen. Die hierdurch jetzt zahlenmäßig festgelegten Belastbarkeitsgrenzen müssen berücksichtigt werden. Nach Überschreiten der zulässigen Flächenpressung wurde ein Erholungseffekt gefunden, dessen Erklärung und Deutung noch aussteht.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19760070805
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sicherung von Schraubenverbindungen aus nichtrostenden Stählen (1970)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Securing screws of stainless steelsThe author emphasizes the importance of screwed connections in technology and discusses the conclusions which must be drawn from existing standards with respect to the utilization of stainless steel screws. Examples are shown to demonstrate the corrosion resistance of such connections (tests in sea water, 3% NaCl, tap water, salt spray) giving prominence to the problems resulting from the use of spring elements (crevice corrosion danger).
    Notes: Der Verfasser betont die Bedeutung der Schraubenverbindungen in der Technik und erörtert die Folgerungen, die sich aus den bestehenden Normen für die Anwendung von Schrauben aus nichtrostenden Stählen ergeben. Anhand won Beispielen wird die hohe Beständigkeit solcher Verbindungen demonstriert (Versuche in Meerwasser, 3% NaCly Leitungswasser, Salzsprühnebel), wobei besonders die Probleme aufgezeigt werden, die sich durch die Verwendung federnder Elemente ergeben (Spaltkorrosion).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19700210606
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