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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Complement — Neutrophil — Adhesion — Cytokines — Bacteria/endotoxin translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Multiple alterations in inflammatory and immunologic function have been demonstrated in clinical and experimental situations after trauma and hemorrhage, in particular the activation of various humoral (e.g. complement, coagulation) and cellular systems (neutrophils, endothelial cells, macrophages). As a consequence of this activation process there is synthesis, expression and release of numerous mediators (toxic oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, adherence molecules, cytokines), which may produce a generalized inflammation and tissue damage in the body. Mediators are responsible for ongoing interactions of different cell types and for amplification effects through their networks and feedback cycles, finally leading to a sustained inflammation and multiple organ damage in the body. In the setting of trauma/shock, many activators including bacterial as well as non-bacterial factors may be present that will induce local and systemic inflammatory responses. Although the potential role of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and its clinical relevance remains controversial, many lines of evidence support the concept that the gut may be the reservoir for systemic sepsis and subsequent MOF in a number of pathophysiologic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of shock-induced inflammation in the rat liver depends on the time of TNF-α inhibition (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Tumor necrosis factor ; Hemorrhagic shock ; Leukocyte adhesion ; Intravital microscopy ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The relevance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inducing early inflammatory reactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock, for example, leukocyte adhesion, has been well described. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TN3.19.12) in terms of the time of application, namely, prior to shock induction, at the time of resuscitation, and after resuscitation. The hepatic microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy in female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing severe hemorrhagic shock for 60 min and subsequent resuscitation. TN3.19.12 or placebo was given in a randomized and blinded manner either 60 min prior to shock induction, 1 min prior to resuscitation, or 15 min after the onset of resuscitation. The number of firmly adherent leukocytes in the livers of treated animals depended on the time of application of TN3.19.12. Leukocyte adhesion was significantly reduced when TN3.19.12 was given prior to shock induction or at the time of resuscitation and was less effective when administered after the onset of resuscitation. The results further confirm that TNF-α initiates very early pathological leukocyte adhesion in the liver 5 h following shock. Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion after shock, however, depends strongly on the time of TNF-α blocking. While TN3.19.12 prior to shock induction resulted in most effective attenuation, only very early treatment allowed limitation of posttraumatically increased leukocyte adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue Eosinophilia as an Indicator of Drug-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: A Clinicopathologic Investigation (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) may be idiopathic, drug-induced, related to infection, or may occur in patients with autoimmune disorders. Our objective was to determine whether tissue eosinophilia is a reliable indicator of a drug-induced etiology in the setting of LCV. Thorough chart investigation of 63 patients with LCV was performed with division of patients into drug-induced and non-drug-induced groups. Corresponding histopathologic material was reviewed by a dermatopathologist blinded to the etiologic associations. An eosinophil score was tabulated by averaging the number of eosinophils in 10 high-power fields (400x) and dividing by the density of inflammation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxin rank sums test. Mean eosinophil scores in the drug-induced (n = 16) and non-drug-induced (n = 47) groups were 5.20 and 1.05 respectively (p = 0.0126). Vascular fibrin deposition and epidermal changes were present in both groups. Clinical evidence of systemic vasculitis was present in 6%(1/16) of the drug-induced group vs. 38%(18/47) of the non-drug-induced cases. This study establishes tissue eosinophilia as a reliable indicator of drug induction in the setting of LCV. Furthermore, this information may be useful for guiding management decisions, especially in settings of unclear etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.0320o.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solving one of the problems of in vitro cytokine production and endotoxin measurement in blood
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 205 (1992), S. 149-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Cytokine ; Endotoxin ; TNF
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(05)80010-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of freezing on African horse-sickness virus (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 25 (1968), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The infectivity of both neurotropic and viscerotropic African horsesickness virus decreased markedly when the viruses, suspended either in tissue-culture medium or phosphate buffered saline, were stored at temperatures between −20° C and −30° C. Using infectious tissue-culture fluids, the inactivation curves of the virus at −22° C and −30° C were compared. During the first 7 days' storage, 4.7 and 3.9 log units of infectivity were lost at the respective temperatures. It was established that salts such as NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 contained in the solutions, were chiefly responsible for the inactivation of the virus. Without these salts, AHS virus was rather stable at −20° C. Infectivity of AHS virus was protected by adding approximately 5% lactose, sucrose, or glucose to the suspension before freezing at −20° C to −30° C. Glycerin, polyvinylpyrolidone, and a high concentration of serum also protected the virus infectivity. AHS virus was stable at −70° C even in the presence of salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258165
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. With limited resources and the current concerns about using animals for research purposes, the needs must be clear when setting up trauma and sepsis experiments for pharmacologic interventions. Such interventions are performed typically for four reasons: (1) to study the pathophysiologic role of certain mediators (which can be influenced by pharmacologic agents); (2) to study the therapeutic efficacy of treatment strategies; (3) to study the overall safety of new drugs under trauma/sepsis conditions, which are adjunct studies to standard toxicology; (4) to test new diagnostic procedures in a defined trauma or sepsis setting. Intervention in the inflammatory response may be performed at several levels: (1) at the primary induction site (e.g., by antilipopolysaccharide or by preventing complement activation); (2) at the intermediate mediator level (e.g., by antitumor necrosis factor); (3) at the final mediator level (e.g., by block of polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, and (4) at the target (e.g., by membrane stabilization or enhanced antioxidant defense).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900077
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of shock-induced inflammation in the rat liver depends on the time of TNF-α inhibition (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tumor necrosis factor ; Hemorrhagic shock ; Leukocyte adhesion ; Intravital microscopy ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relevance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inducing early inflammatory reactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock, for example, leukocyte adhesion, has been well described. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of a monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TN3.19.12) in terms of the time of application, namely, prior to shock induction, at the time of resuscitation, and after resuscitation. The hepatic micro-circulation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy in female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing severe hemorrhagic shock for 60 min and subsequent resuscitation. TN3.19.12 or placebo was given in a randomized and blinded manner either 60 min prior to shock induction, l min prior to resuscitation, or 15 min after the onset of resuscitation. The number of firmly adherent leukocytes in the livers of treated animals depended on the time of application of TN3.19.12. Leukocyte adhesion was significantly reduced when TN3.19.12 was given prior to shock induction or at the time of resuscitation and was less effective when administered after the onset of resuscitation. The results further confirm that TNF-α initiates very early pathological leukocyte adhesion in the liver 5 h following shock. Inhibition of leukocyte adhesion after shock, however, depends strongly on the time of TNF-α blocking. While TN3.19.12 prior to shock induction resulted in most effective attenuation, only very early treatment allowed limitation of posttraumatically increased leukocyte adhesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202072
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution polymerization of acrylonitrile with vinyl acids in dimethylformamide (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1539-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solution copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with various vinyl acids, i.e., acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and itaconic acid (IA), was carried out in DMF at 70°C using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator with an acidic monomer of 0.012-0.092 mol %. Copolymers were characterized by FTIR, CHN analysis, 1H-and 13C-NMR, and viscometry. The reactivity ratios were calculated using Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tüdos methods. In all three systems, the value of r1 (AN) is much less than the value of r2. However, the r2 (MAA) is higher than r2 of (AA) and (IA). The reactivity ratios were calculated using Q and e schemes also. The results are in good agreement with experimentally calcualted data. The tacticity and sequence length distribution of these copolymers were calculated using 13C-NMR from C≡N and CH signals. It was observed that the isotacticity of acrylonitrile-itaconic acid copolymer P(AN-IA) with 8.2 mol % of a comonomer is lower than that of P(AN-MAA) with 10.3 mol % and P(AN-AA) with 7.61 mol %. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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