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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (17)
  • thermal conductivity  (3)
  • 27.70.+q  (2)
  • Column-switching  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Level structure of doubly odd154Ho (1994)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 350 (1994), S. 89-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 154Ho was studied via141Pr(16O,3n) reaction at beam energy of 75 MeV. We found two new rotationally aligned bands made of neutron h9/2 and f7/2 orbitals coupled to a proton h11/2 orbital. As with several new high-spin states, up to I=20, the ground state band with odd parity starts to show anomalous signature splitting at I=13 in this doubly odd154Ho. The observed rotational bands in154Ho are quite consistent with the onset of collectivity which appears in general at neutron number of 87 in neutron-deficient rare-earth nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290672
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spin states of odd-odd156Ho (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 353 (1995), S. 119-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High spin states in the nucleus156Ho have been studied via the fusion-evaporation reaction140Ce(19F,3nγ)156Ho at the beam energy of 82 MeV.γ-γ coincidences, Eγ, Iγ and excitation functions have been measured. With two rotationally-aligned bands identified as π[h11/2]ν [i13/2], we found two new bands with a signature splitting, whose structure is believed to arise from either ν[h9/2] or ν[f7/2] coupled to π[h11/2]. Our placement of γ rays belonging to these new bands suggests that the previously known level scheme should be corrected. We also found many new low-energy γ rays in the low excitation energy. As compared to154Ho, the present nucleus with two more neutrons becomes more collective, and shows well-observed rotationally-aligned bands with a clear signature splitting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01295887
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of CVD diamond films (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 695-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: AC calorimetry ; CVD diamond film ; Debye phonon model ; grain boundary ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; U-process
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diamond films 60 and 170 µm in thickness were grown by PACVD (plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition) under similar conditions. The thermal diffusivity of these freestanding films was measured between 100 and 300 K using AC calorimetry. Radiation heat loss from the surface was estimated by analyzing both the amplitude and the phase shift of a lock-in amplifier signal. Thermal conductivity was calculated using the specific heat data of natural diamond. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of the 60 and 170 υm films is 9 and 16 W-cm−1. K−1 respectively, which is 40–70% that of natural diamond, The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of the CVD diamond films is similar to that of natural diamond, Phonon scattering processes are considered using the Debye model, The microsize of the grain boundary has a significant effect on the mean free path of phonons at low temperatures. The grain in CVD diamond film is grown as a columnar structure, Thus, the thicker film has the larger mean grain size and the higher thermal conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the microstructure of the CVD diamond films. In this experiment, we evaluated the quality of CVD diamond film of the whole sample by measuring the thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441515
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of R32 and its mixture with R134a (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 1193-1201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: R134a, R32 ; R32+R134a mixture ; thermal conductivity ; transient hot-wire method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The liquid thermal conductivity of R32 (CH2F2) and R134a (CF3CH2F) was measured in the range from 223 to 323 K and from 2 to 20 MPa by the transient hot-wire method. The thermal conductivity of the R32+R134a mixture was also measured in the same range by varying the mass fraction of R32. The measured data are analyzed to obtain a correlation in terms of temperature, pressure and composition of the mixture. The uncertainty of our measurements is estimated to be within ±2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02081287
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the Thermal Conductivity of Si and GaAs Wafers Using the Photothermal Displacement Technique (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 19 (1998), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: GaAs ; impurities ; phonons ; photothermal displacement technique ; semiconductors ; Si ; thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of Si and GaAs wafers were measured using the photothermal displacement technique, and the temperature dependence of these two quantities was investigated. Thermal diffusivity was obtained from the phase difference between the heating source and the signal, and thermal conductivity was determined from the maximum value of the signal amplitude in the temperature range 80 to 300 K. It was verified that an increase in doping concentration gives rise to a decrease in thermal conductivity at low temperatures. The experimental results obtained on samples with different types and doping concentrations are consistent with those expected from theoretical considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021467606454
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) membranes. IV. Composite reverse osmosis membranesPaper presented at the American Chemical Society Biennial Polymer Symposium, San Juan, Puerto Rico, November 20-24, 1982. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3063-3073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composite reverse osmosis membranes of ionically crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been prepared. The process consists of coating a porous polysulfone membrane with a thin layer of dilute solution of PAA, drying the thin liquid layer, and ionically crosslinking the PAA in solutions of different salts. The influence of some important preparation parameters on the properties of these membranes was investigated. It was found that all these membranes possessed ion exchange properties and could be ion exchanged; some of them have been found to be suitable for the desalination of low concentration salt solutions. By comparison to cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, higher rejection of phenols may be an interesting property of these membranes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070281006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and transport properties of thin film composite membranes. I. Synthesis of poly(phenylene oxide) polymer and its sulfonation (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 4017-4027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) polymer was investigated. The poly(phenylene oxide) was synthesized through oxidative coupling from 2,6-dimethyl-phenol with copper (I) chloride-pyridine catalyst and sulfonated using chlorosulfonic acid. The effects of catalyst concentration, solvent, and other experimental variables on the kinetics of the polymerization of poly(phenylene oxide) and its subsequent sulfonation are reported in detail.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291234
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfonated latex particle as acid catalysts for the continuous inversion of sucrose (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 2117-2131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sulfonated polystyrene latex particles were used as acid catalysts in the continuous inversion of sucrose at 50-70°C. The particles (surface charge 168 μeq/g) were confined in a stirred reactor with a semipermeable membrane; sucrose solution was pumped in, and product solution was pumped out. The catalytic activity of the particles was unchanged after 20 days continuous use. Variation of particle size (0.13 and 0.42 μm) and stirring rate showed that internal and external mass transfer was not a controlling factor. The kinetics were pseudo-first-order; the rate constant at 70°C was 2.30/N min as compared with 0.07/N min for macroporous sulfonated ion-exchange resin; the apparent activation energy was 111 kJ/mol as compared with 121 kJ/mol for the homogeneous acid-catalyzed reaction. The faster rate was attributed to the very great surface area, high charge density, and lack of internal diffusional resistance of the latex particles. The proposed mechanism comprised adsorption of sucrose on the particle surface, followed by inversion and desorption of product.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350812
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of highly sulfonated polystyrene model colloids (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 3187-3199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previous attempts to prepare monodisperse styrene/sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer latexes by batch, seeded, and semicontinuous emulsion polymerization were unsuccessful at high concentrations of the functional comonomer. Broad, and sometimes bimodal, size distributions, and large amounts of water soluble homopolymer were obtained. After removal of free monomer, solute and adsorbed homopolymer and copolymer, the overall incorporation of the functional comonomer was found to be low. To overcome these problems, a two stage “shot-growth” or in situ seeding technique was developed. A first stage copolymerization was carried out with a low concentration of sodium styrene sulfonate: the purpose of the functional comonomer was to enhance the stability and regulate the size of the seed particles. When this reaction had reached high conversion (〉 90%), a second stage monomer mixture was added. The ratio of styrene to sodium styrene sulfonate in this mixture determined the final surface charge density. The mechanism by which the NaSS is incorporated in the polymer particles is considered to be by solution copolymerization with solute styrene monomer to form surface active oligoradicals. These radicals adsorb on the particle surface, initiate polymerization and become inextricably bound, preventing their transfer back to the aqueous phase. By this means, it was possible to vary independently the particle size and surface charge density. High concentrations of functional comonomer could be polymerized without undue wastage (incorporations were only slightly less than 100%) or loss of monodispersity. In extreme cases, the area per functional group fell below the theoretical minimum, indicating considerable hydration of the surface layers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080271001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion polymerization of styrene using an alkali-soluble random copolymer as polymeric emulsifier (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2865-2872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: alkali-soluble random copolymer ; polymeric emulsifier ; aggregate ; hairy ASR layer ; rate of polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An alkali-soluble random copolymer (ASR), poly(styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid), was used as a polymeric emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The calorimetric technique was applied to study the kinetics of emulsion polymerization of styrene using ASR and a conventional ionic emulsifier, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS). ASR could form aggregates like micelles, and the solubilization ability of the aggregates was dependent on the neutralization degree of ASR. The rate of polymerization in the ASR system was lower than that in the SDBS system. This result can be explained by the creation of a hairy ASR layer around the particle surface, which decreases the diffusion rate of free radicals through this region. Although a decrease in particle size was observed, the rate of polymerization decreased with increasing ASR concentration. The higher the concentration of ASR is, the thicker and denser ASR layer may be, and the more difficult it would therefore be for radicals to reach the particle through this layer of ASR. The rate of polymerization decreased with increasing the neutralization degree of ASR. The aggregates with high neutralization of ASR are less efficient in solubilizing the monomer and capturing initiator radicals than that of the lower neutralization degree, which leads to decrease in rate of polymerization. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2865-2872, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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