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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of solitary tract nucleus neurons to taste and mechanical stimulations of the oral cavity in decerebrate rats (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Decerebration ; Rats ; Solitary tract nucleus ; Taste ; Mechanoreception ; Receptive fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Physiological characteristics of 45 taste and 15 mechanoreceptive units were examined in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) of rats decerebrated at the pre-or midcollicular level, and compared with previous findings in the intact rat. The rostro-caudal extent of the area, where taste and mechanoreceptive neurons were recorded, was almost the same in the decerebrate rat as that in intact rat. The spontaneous discharge rate was significantly lower in the decerebrate rat than in the intact rat. The taste profile of the NTS units in decerebrate rats was quite different from that in intact rats; significant decreases in correlation coefficients were found between certain pairs of taste stimuli and spontaneous discharge rate, e.g. NaCl-quinine, sucrose-quinine. A large number of taste (18 of 31) and mechanoreceptive (12 of 15) units examined had receptive fields (RFs) on the palate, and four taste and two mechanoreceptive units on the circumvallate area. This contrasts with the findings in the intact rat. Some taste (n = 1) and mechanoreceptive units (n = 2) had large RFs. Taste units with different RF locations showed different taste profiles. Acute i.v. injection of amobarbital sodium affected only the response magnitude of taste units, suggesting that most of the differences between intact and decerebrate rats might be caused by decerebration. The present findings indicate that neural structures above the pre- or midcollicular level have tonic inhibitory or facilitatory effects on the response properties of NTS taste units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235918
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptive field properties of the parabrachio-thalamic taste and mechanoreceptive neurons in rats (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 458-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parabrachio-thalamic relay neurons ; Parabrachial nucleus ; Taste ; Mechanoreception ; Receptive field ; Oral cavity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Receptive fields (RFs) of 36 taste (the 22 parabrachio-thalamic relay (P-T) and 14 non-P-T) and 23 mechanoreceptive neurons (7 P-T and 16 non P-T) were located in the oral cavity of rats. All of the taste and most of the mechanoreceptive units examined had an RF on the ipsilateral side of the tongue or palate, but some mechanoreceptive P-T and non-P-T units had RFs bilaterally. When the RFs of taste neurons were examined with the most effective of the four basic taste (the best stimulus) and non-best stimuli, no difference was noticed in the location of RFs between the P-T and non-P-T neurons. Though most of the P-T neurons (7/11) and all of the non-P-T neurons (6/6) had an RF for non-best stimuli at a region similar to that for the best stimulus, some P-T neurons (4/11) had an RFs for non-best stimulus outside the RF for the best stimulus and/or on the region separate from the RF for the best stimulus. The P-T neurons, responding vigorously to non-optimal stimuli as well as to the best stimulus, had an RF outside the RF for the best stimulus. RFs for mechanical stimulation were also examined in some taste and mechanoreceptive neurons. The mechanoreceptive P-T units rarely had an RF exclusively on the palate. Some mechanoreceptive units had an RF on the region where no taste RF has been found, e.g. the intermolar eminence and the folium of the hard palate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249790
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response properties of the parabrachio-thalamic taste and mechanoreceptive neurons in rats (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 449-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parabrachial nucleus ; Parabrachiothalamic relay neurons ; Taste ; Mechanoreception ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 66 taste and 33 mechanoreceptive neurons were isolated from the parabrachial nucleus (PB) of rats. Among them, 39 taste and 8 mechanoreceptive neurons were identified as parabrachio-thalamic relay (P-T) neurons on the basis of antidromic activation from either or both sides of the thalamic taste areas (TTAs). On average, the P-T taste neurons produced larger response magnitudes than the non-P-T taste neurons, and whereas about half the P-T taste neurons were NaCl-best, only a small number of the non-P-T taste neurons were NaCl-best. Both the P-T and non-P-T taste neurons showed a similar breadth of responsiveness to four basic taste stimuli. The response magnitudes of the P-T taste neurons to all taste stimuli were ca. 3 times larger than those of the solitario-parabrachial relay (SP) neurons (afferents to the PB); in particular, the response magnitudes of the NaCl-best P-T neurons were 4–5 times larger than those of the NaCl-best SP neurons. The response magnitudes and breadth of taste responsiveness of the P-T taste neurons were reciprocally correlated with the antidromic latencies from either side of the TTAs. A histological examination revealed that the P-T taste neurons in the ventral part of the PB had a shorter antidromic latency from the ipsilateral TTA than those in the dorsal part of the nucleus. Mechanoreceptive neurons were excited by stroking the tissue in the oral cavity or perioral tissue, or by pinching them with non-serrated forceps. The mechanoreceptive P-T neurons were also activated from either or both sides of the TTAs. No particular relation was noticed between the antidromic latency of the mechanoreceptive P-T neurons and their response properties or locations in the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249789
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous operation up to 3 kHz in a discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous operations at a high repetition rate up to 3 kHz for discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser are presented. The dependence of the clearing ratio on laser-gas pressure and input energy densities is studied. It was found that suitable laser-gas pressures minimize the clearing ratio for various input-energy densities. It is also shown that few density disturbances in the discharge region are induced by gas heating in a discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser with low input-energy density
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112828
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long lifetime operation of an ArF-excimer laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation to improve the lifetime of a discharge-excited ArF-excimer laser is presented. The three dominant factors restricting its lifetime are CF4 generation in the laser gas, color-center formation in the optics and input power density reduction due to electrode ablation. Copper electrodes were superior to nickel electrodes in regard to electrode ablation. A gas lifetime of more than 109 shots (about one month at 400 Hz) is shown for an ArF-excimer laser with a liquid-nitrogen trap and high-temperature zirconium alloy trap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833791
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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