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  • AF-DX 116  (1)
  • Diabetic neuropathy  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Prejunctional muscarinic receptors ; Acetylcholine release ; Parasympathetic vasoconstriction ; Methoctramine ; AF-DX 116
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Experiments were carried out on rat isolated perfused hearts with both vagus nerves attached. The acetylcholine stores were labelled with [14C]-choline. The effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on the [14C]overflow and increase in perfusion pressure evoked by vagus nerve stimulation (10 Hz, 4–10 mA) were studied in order to determine the muscarinic receptor type involved in autoinhibition of acetylcholine release and vagally-induced vasoconstriction in the rat heart. Stimulation of the vagus nerves (1200 pulses) caused an increase in [14C]-overflow and in perfusion pressure which was significantly reduced by hexamethonium 500 μmol/l and abolished by tetrodotoxin 0.3 μmol/l or perfusion with Ca2+-free solution. The fractional rate of evoked [14C]-overflow per pulse upon stimulation at 10 Hz (720 pulses) was doubled in the presence of the non-selective antagonist atropine (0.01–1 μmol/l) as well as in that of the M2-selective compounds methoctramine (0.1 μmol/l) and AF-DX 116 (0.1–1 μmol/l), but remained unaffected by the M3-selective hexahydrosiladifenidol (0.1 μmol/l). The increase in perfusion pressure upon nerve stimulation was reduced by atropine (0.01 μmol/l) or hexahydrosiladifenidol (0.1 μmol/l) to approximately 50% and increased by about 50% in the presence of AF-DX 116 (0.1 μmol/l). The results show that the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release in the rat heart is mediated by M2 receptors. On the other hand, the increase in perfusion pressure upon vagus nerve stimulation is caused by a different muscarinic receptor, more sensitive to hexahydrosiladifenidol than to M2-selective antagonists.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetes mellitus ; Skin thickness ; Diabetic neuropathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Skin thickness on the extremities of patients with diabetes mellitus has been described controversially. Using high resolution ultrasonography, we were able to show a significant increase in skin thickness at the forearm (P〈0.05), thigh (P〈0.001) and lower limb (P〈0.05) of diabetic patients, most prominent at the thigh. No difference in skin thickness was found at the dorsum of the foot. In addition, skin thickness was not related to the duration of diabetes, age or HbA1. A close association was found between diabetic neuropathy and increasing skin thickness. Diabetic patients with neurological disorders had a significant increase in skin thickness versus diabetic patients without neuropathy. The present findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy and abnormalities of connective tissue have a common etiological link in their development or that both are time-dependent processes. Whether changes in capillary blood flow, increase of nonenzymatic glycosylation, polyol accumulation or other metabolic disorders are responsible for these findings remains still to be established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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