Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Lepidoptera  (7)
  • Acrididae  (4)
  • diet breadth  (4)
  • Schistocerca gregaria  (3)
Material
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; Predation ; Host range ; Prey acceptability ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments are described which test the hypothesis that more host-specific species of caterpillars should be less aceptable to a generalist predator than polyphagous species. Caterpillars of all species were tested in paired choice tests with the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis. Experiments were replicated ten times, videotaped and later analyzed. Brightly colored specialist species (normally considered to be aposematic) were clearly the least palatable, while more cryptic specialists were also significantly less acceptable than generalists overall. Leaf-tying species were considered separately; all were highly palatable independent of host range. The results indicate that among caterpillars that do not construct leaf shelters, those with a wide post range are more acceptable than those with a narrow host range. This is consistent with the notion that generalist predators provide selection pressure favoring narrow host range in their herbivorous prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: induction ; imprinting ; learning ; caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; experience ; diet breadth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review discusses the ambiguity of results obtained from dual-choice feeding tests, especially in relation to the study of effects of experience. Induced preference experiments done this way can be caused by up to nine potential changes in caterpillar behavior. In addition different physiological mechanisms that could lead to the process of induced preference are discussed. These include habituation to deterrents, the increased ability to process xenobiotics, the acquisition of specific positive responses, sensitization, and associative learning. These different processes might relate to function in different ways so that distinguishing them is important to progress in understanding the phenomenon. Suggestions for experimental designs that provide details on processes involved are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Deterrence ; oral dosing ; toxicity ; diet breadth ; Hypera brunneipennis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of plant secondary compounds, several of which are quite widespread in nature were tested for their deterrence to the specialist coleopteran Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) in short-term behavioral assays. The compounds were nicotine, quinine, sparteine, hordenine, linamarin, amygdalin, sinigrin, morin, juglone, chlorogenic acid, digitonin, mimosine, diosgenin, rutin and ursolic acid. Nine of these were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over one to two weeks of adult life, using fecundity as a measure of the effects. In only one case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria ; insect host choice ; insect water balance ; physiology of preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les bases physiologiques de la régulation comportementale de l'équilibre hydrique par alimentation différentielle chez S. gregaria. Les teneurs en eau (pourcentage du poids du corps) et les volumes d'hémolymphe des criquets ayant eu la possibilité de moduler leur apport en eau en conssommant des aliments à forte teneur en eau (frais) ou à faible teneur (secs), étaient intermédiaires entre ceux des criquets ayant l'un ou l'autre exclusivement. Les criquets, ayant uniquement des aliments frais avant des expériences sans choix, ont présenté des temps de latence prolongés et des repas relativement brefs sur aliments frais, et des temps de latence brefs et des repas abondants sur aliments secs; les résultats ont été inversés quand l'alimentation préalable était sur nourriture sèche. Ces résultats sont partiellement simulés par des altérations du volume et de la pression osmotique de l'hémolymphe. L'augmentation de la concentration de l'hémolymphe entraîne des repas moins abondants sur aliments frais et secs, vraisemblablement par suite de signaux de satiété. L'augmentation du volume en ajoutant 75 μl de solution physiologique n'a pas modifié la taille du repas sur les deux types d'aliments, mais la dilution de l'hémolymphe par un volume égal d'eau distillée a induit des repas plus importants sur aliment sec, et plus petit sur aliment frais. Une augmentation de volume plus importante, de 150 μl, réduisait la taille du repas sur aliment frais, mais pas sur aliment sec. Le prélèvement d'environ 75 μl d'hémolymphe a été sans effet; mais, combiné avec l'augmentation de la pression osmotique, il a réduit la taille du repas sur aliment sec (comme l'augmentation de la pression osmotique seule), mais a augmenté la taille du repas sur aliment frais. Ce dernier résultat est semblable à ceux obtenus lors des études du déterminisme de l'abreuvement. La discussion porte sur la relation entre le contrôle de l'absorption de l'eau et des aliments.
    Notes: Abstract The physiological factors responsible for behavioral regulation of water balance by differential feeding in Schistocerca gregaria were investigated. Locusts given the option to regulate their water intake by feeding on high-water content (wet) food or low-water content (dry) food had values for percent body water and hemolymph volumes intermediate between those for locusts given either food exclusively. Locusts given wet food only prior to no-choice tests had relatively small meals and long latencies to feed on wet food and large meals and short latencies to feed on dry food. Increasing volume by adding 75 μl normal saline did not alter meal size on either food, while locusts given dry food prior to testing had the opposite behavior. Increasing hemolymph concentration led to smaller meals on both wet and dry food, but diluting the hemolymph by an equal volume of distilled water resulted in larger meals on dry food and smaller meals on wet food. Removing an equal volume of hemolymph had no effect, but combining hemolymph removal with increased osmotic pressure reduced the meal size on dry food and increased meal size on wet food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Iridomyrmex humilis ; predation ; chemical defense ; nicotine ; Lepidoptera ; plant/insect interactions ; herbivore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed to test the acceptability of two palatable, cryptic caterpillars, the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, and the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni, reared on different diets, to the Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilis. Ants preferred larvae reared on artificial diet, groundcherry, or cowpea to tobacco-reared larvae. Ants also preferred larvae reared on artificial diet without nicotine to larvae reared on diet containing nicotine (5% dry wt). Experiments were also performed to test the response of ants to larval extracts and chemicals applied to the surface of palatable prey. Ants did not respond differently to larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella, treated with larval extracts or regurgitate from tobacco-reared larvae compared to artificialdiet-reared larvae, but ants were deterred byP. operculella larvae treated with nicotine compared to untreated larvae. The results of this study indicate that caterpillars can derive at least some degree of chemical protection from their food plant without sequestering and storing plant compounds and without the development of elaborate aposematic characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 105-112 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria ; insect growth ; insect host choice ; insect preference ; insect water balance ; locust feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de larves de dernier stade de Schistocerca gregaria confirme les observations sur les acridiens d'une préférence apparemment labile pour les aliments à différentes teneurs en eau. Des observations sur les choix à court et à long termes rélèvent que le régime alimentaire antérieur, par son action sur le régime hydrique du criquet et sur sa prise totale de nourriture, peut influer sur le comportement alimentaire face à des aliments à forte teneur en eau (humides ou frais) ou à faible teneur (secs). Des criquets, approvisionnés uniquement en aliments secs ou frais pendant les 3 jours précédant l'expérience, choisissent de préférence la catégorie d'aliments non fournie pendant ce prétraitement. Par comparaison avec des criquets ayant eu la possibilité d'ajuster leur apport en eau avant l'expérience, ils présentaient une diminution du temps de latence avant de s'alimenter, une prolongation de la durée des repas et une diminution du nombre de changements de type d'aliments. II est suggéré que le comportement des criquets, à régime alimentaire composé d'un seul type, a plusieurs causes associées, en particulier la répulsion pour le végétal, la perturbation de l'état hydrique du criquet, et la faim chronique. Des tests sur les préférences à long terme montrent que des larves de 5ème stade ayant eu un choix continu entre aliments frais et secs prirent significativement plus de leur matière totale d'aliments secs jusqu'à ce qu'elles parviennent au dernier jour d'alimentation du stade (jour 9), alors elle prélevèrent 97% de leur matière sèche totale d'aliments frais. Cette régulation comportementale de l'absorption d'eau et de matière sèche est adaptative: des criquets ayant accès à une alimentation mixte (nourriture sèche et fraîche) ont unt croissance supérieure à ceux nourris exclusivement d'aliments frais. La croissance supérieure est due pour beaucoup à une consommation accrue de matière sèche, avec une légère contribution de l'amélioration de l'efficacité digestive et de la réduction du taux de respiration.
    Notes: Abstract An apparent fluctuating preference in acridids for food of different water contents is confirmed for Schistocerca gregaria nymphs. Short- and long-term preference tests reveal that previous diet, through its effect on locust water balance and overall food intake, can influence feeding behavior on high-water content (wet) and low-water content (dry) food. Locusts given only wet or dry food for 3 days prior to testing initially chose the food not received in pretreatment when given a choice of the two. They had decreased latencies to feed, increased meal length and decreased switching between food types as compared with locusts given the option to regulate water intake before testing. It is suggested that the behavior of the single-diet locusts has several related causes, among them, deterrence of the food, disturbed water balance in the locust, and chronic hunger. Long-term preference tests reveal that fifth-instar locusts given a continuous choice between wet and dry food take significantly more of their total dry matter from dry food each day until the last feeding day of the instar (day 9), when they take 97% of their total dry matter from wet food. This behavioral regulation of water and dry matter intake is adaptive: locusts with access to a mixed diet of wet and dry food have increased growth as compared with ones given only wet food. The growth increase is due largely to increased dry matter consumption, with some contribution from increased digestive efficiency and reduction in respiratory rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 561-579 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Creosote bush ; Larrea ; nordihydroguaiaretic acid ; grasshoppers ; monophagy ; Bootettix ; Ligurotettix ; Cibolacris ; Orthoptera ; Acrididae ; host selection ; feeding deterrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The host-selection behavior of three species of grasshopper feeding on creosote bush,Larrea tridentata, in southern California was investigated. The species wereBootettix argentatus, which is monophagous;Ligurotettix coquilletti, oligophagous; andCibolacris parviceps, polyphagous. The monophagous species is stimulated to bite by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a compound that is characteristic of the host plant and that may comprise up to 10% of the dry weight of the leaf. Host specificity ofB. argentatus is enhanced by deterrent responses to compounds present in the surface waxes of all non-host-plant species. Both the oligophagous and polyphagous species are deterred by NDGA at naturally occurring concentrations. Their association withLarrea is probably based on tolerance of the plant chemicals rather than on dependence on specific chemicals. Factors other than the chemistry of the plant probably also contribute to the specificity ofB. argentatus andL. coquilletti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Uresiphita reversalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Genista ; French broom ; quinolizidine alkaloids ; sequestration ; aposematism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofUresiphita reversalis feed almost exclusively on legumes in the tribe Genisteae, which characteristically contain a variety of quinolizidine alkaloids. The larvae are aposematic, and onGenista monspessulana, a major host in California, they feed on the youngest leaves, at the periphery of the plant. These leaves, which were preferred over older foliage in choice tests, contained four to five times the level of alkaloid found in older leaves. The major alkaloids detected in these plants were dehydroaphylline andN-methylcytisine, together accounting for 74% of the total. Preliminary analyses showed the alkaloid profile of exuviae from larvae feeding on these plants was very similar to that of the plants. Two alkaloids, sparteine and cytisine, which are known components of some hosts ofU. reversalis, were phagostimulants for fifth-instar larvae when added to sucrose-impregnated glass-fiber disks. In addition, when sparteine was added to foliage ofG. monspessulana, effectively doubling the percent dry weight of alkaloid, the growth rate of late-instar larvae was positively affected. Cytisine added to plants had no discernible effect on growth of larvae. Alkaloid levels in larvae and in their frass were proportional to levels in the plants on which they fed. Although the majority of alkaloid was excreted, that which was sequestered by the insect was found entirely in the integument, possibly confering some protection from predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Heliothis subflexa ; caterpillar ; diet breadth ; deterrent compound ; feeding behavior ; postingestive toxicity ; plant secondary metabolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sensitivity of caterpillars of Heliothis virescens, a generalist, and H. subflexa, a specialist, to eight different plant secondary compounds was examined behaviorally. The compounds were nicotine hydrogen tartrate, hordenine, caffeine, sinigrin, linamarin, arbutin, chlorogenic acid, and salicin. All compounds deterred feeding, at least at the higher concentrations, but the generalist was less affected than the specialist. Thus the hypothesis that specialists have greater sensitivity to deterrents than generalists was supported. In most cases deterrence occurred on first encounter, indicating that the response was sensory; in some cases short-term postingestive effects also appeared to play a role. The larger quantities of deterrent-containing food ingested by H. virescens sometimes resulted in measurable postingestive effects during the second control test. This did not occur in H. subflexa, which more commonly rejected the deterrent-containing food on first contact. The contrast between the species is discussed in relation to tradeoffs involved in different diet breadths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 2003-2017 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; insect cuticular lipids ; plant cuticular lipids ; plant-insect interactions ; predator-prey interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular lipid components were examined from fourth-instar larvae ofManduca sexta reared on artificial diet or growing plants. The plants used were potato, tobacco, and tomato grown in pots in a greenhouse. Twenty-eight components made up the bulk of the lipids, but there were significant differences in the proportions of them present in insects reared on the different diets. In the case of some insect cuticular lipid components, there was an obvious relationship with the surface components of the plant, but generally this relationship was weak. Nonetheless, the differences may have ecological relevance, as indicated by preliminary work on predation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...