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  • Vestibular  (7)
  • Deiters neurones  (6)
  • Cerebellum  (4)
  • Cats  (3)
  • Deiters  (3)
  • Keratinization  (3)
  • Adaptation  (2)
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Material
Years
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diminution and reversal of eye movements induced by local stimulation of rabbit cerebellar flocculus after partial destruction of the inferior olive (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 33 (1978), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inferior olive ; Cerebellum ; Flocculus ; Rabbit ; Eye movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After the dorsal cap and adjacent ventrolateral outgrowth regions of the inferior olive had been chronically destroyed in the rabbits, the eye movements evoked by local stimulation of the flocculus were reduced in amplitude and reversed in direction, indicating that the inhibition by flocculus Purkinje cells of vestibulo-ocular relay neurons could no longer be actuated by the stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238801
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response in rabbits (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; Ocular ; Optokinetic ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dynamic characteristics of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR), the optokinetic response (OKR), and their interactions were investigated in alert albino rabbits. For stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canals, the whole rabbit was rotated sinusoidally on a motor-driven turntable at peak-to-peak amplitudes of 5 ° to 30 ° over a frequency range of 1/30 to 1/2 Hz. Optokinetic stimulation was provided by a narrow vertical slit light source presented in front of the eye to be tested. The evoked horizontal eye movements were observed and measured by means of a closed circuit television system adapted to provide an analog signal proportional to the eye movement. The net HVOR was obtained by rotation of the turntable in darkness and the net OKR by rotation of the light source. Combining rotation of the turntable with a stationary light source immediately increased the gain and reduced the phase shift of the HVOR. The light source moving in phase with the turntable, but at twice the angular amplitude, reduced the gain and advanced the phase of the HVOR. Eye movement curves of the HVOR modified by a fixed or moving slit light could be reconstructed approximately by a linear combination of the net HVOR and OKR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474249
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive modification of the rabbit's horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex during sustained vestibular and optokinetic stimulation (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 17-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Vestibular ; Ocular ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adaptability of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) and the optokinetic response (OKR) was examined in alert albino rabbits during sustained runs lasting 5–12 h under four different stimulus conditions. (1) Sinusoidal rotation of the rabbit in darkness by 5 ° at 1/10 Hz, or (2) sinusoidal movement of a vertical slit light by 2.5 ° or 5 ° at 1/10 Hz around the optical axis of the stationary rabbit, affected the gain of neither the HVOR nor the OKR. (3) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the stationary slit light increased the gain of the HVOR gradually. A plateau at about 140% of the initial control was reached in 5 h. (4) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the slit light movement by 10 ° in phase with the turntable decreased the HVOR gain gradually, a plateau being obtained at about 70 % of the initial control in 5 h. Changes of the HVOR gain induced in conditions (3) and (4) were not frequency-specific and accompanied by no significant modification of either the gain or phase of the OKR or the linear property of HVOR-OKR interaction. A small but significant change of the HVOR phase was also detected under the condition (3) but not (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474250
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological properties of the postsynaptic inhibition by Purkinje cell axons and the action of γ-aminobutyric acid on Deiters neurones (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 4 (1967), S. 43-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Purkinje cells ; Deiters neurones ; Inhibitory synapses ; GABA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1.Various drugs were applied intravenously or into the fourth ventricle and their effects upon the inhibition exerted by Purkinje cell axons were appraised by both extra- and intracellular recording from Deiters neurones. Strychnine, picrotoxin, pentamethylenetetrazol, β-methyl-β-ethylglutarimide, noradrenaline, dopamine, dibenamine and nethalide did not affect this inhibition. 2.γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and inhibitors of GABA transaminase were applied iontophoretically into the vicinity of Deiters neurones through an outer barrel of coaxial electrodes, the effects being observed either intra- or extracellularly through an inner barrel. 3. GABA depressed both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials and often blocked the spike potentials, while it increased the membrane conductance. 4. GABA also produced a membrane hyperpolarization of 3–8 mV. Concomitantly both the spike potential and after-depolarization increased in amplitude and the after-hyperpolarization decreased. 5. In a few cases hydroxylamine but not amino-oxyacetic acid potentiated the inhibition, there being an increase in the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials thereby induced. 6. These effects were considered in connection with the possibility that GABA acts as a natural transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathogenesis of inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus: histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Inflammatory linear epidermal naevus ; Keratinization ; DACM ; Involucrin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin lesions of three patients with inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus (ILVEN) were examined. Histologically, orthokeratosis and parakeratosis were alternately seen in the acanthotic epidermis. By N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide staining, the horny cells in the parakeratotic epidermis showed a cytoplasmic SH pattern and a weak membranous SS pattern. The orthokeratotic epidermis revealed an increased involucrin expression, whereas the parakeratotic epidermis showed almost no involucrin expression. Ultrastructurally, in the parakeratotic epidermis, the living keratinocytes had prominent Golgi apparatuses and vesicles in the cytoplasm. In the intercellular spaces in the upper spinous layer through to the lower horny layer, an electron dense, homogeneous substance was deposited. The cytoplasm of the horny cells was filled with keratin filaments and contained remnants of nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane structures, and some lipid droplets. The marginal band formation was incomplete. Most of these ultrastructural abnormalities were not found in the orthokeratotic epidermis. There are both similarities and differences in histopathogenesis of the parakeratotic epidermis between ILVEN and psoriasis. A unique finding was the lack of involucrin expression in the ILVEN parakeratotic epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371921
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innermost cell layer of the outer root sheath in anagen hair follicle: Light and electron microscopic study (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1986), S. 112-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Innermost cell layer ; Outer root sheath ; Anagen hair follicle ; Keratinization ; Light and electron microscopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate cell differentiation in the outer root sheath (ORS) of the human anagen hair follicle, scalp skin specimens from individuals with normal hair were examined using light and electron microscopes. In the bulbar portion, the ORS was composed of two cell layers. The cells in the outer layer gradually increased in number upwards and finally underwent so-called trichilemmal keratinization, which proceeded toward the hair canal. On the other hand, the inner cells in the bulb formed a single cell layer along the outside of Henle's layer during cell differentiation; this unique layer was referred to as the innermost cell (IMC) layer of the ORS. With the use of hematoxylin and eosin stain, at the suprabulbar portion, where Henle's cells were keratinizing, an eosinophilic substance was deposited in the inner (Henle's) side of the IMC cytoplasm. The IMCs gradually became entirely eosinophilic and often produced keratohyaline granules. Ultrastructurally, the IMCs of the ORS showed an oblong shape forming a regularly arranged single-cell layer along the keratinizing Henle's layer and accumulated tonofilaments in the cytoplasm. They produced a few small electron-dense keratohyaline granules and were keratinized at the level at which Henle's layer still preserved its cell structure. From these findings, it is suggested that there are two types of keratinization of the ORS: trichilemmal keratinization and IMC keratinization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417531
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the skin in Sjögren — Larsson syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sjögren ; Larsson syndrome ; Ichthyosis ; Ultrastructure ; Lamellar body ; Keratinization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ichthyosiform skin and the uninvolved skin of a 5-year-old Japanese female with Sjögren — Larsson syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy to elucidate the keratinization disorder. Light microscopically, the epidermis of the ichthyosiform skin showed acanthosis, papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis. The horny cells had a basket-weave appearance. The granular cell layer was slightly thickened. Slight round cell infiltration and vascular dilatation were seen in the upper dermis. The uninvolved skin was histologically normal. Electron microscopically, in both ichthyosiform and uninolved skin, abnormal lamellar or membranous inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of horny cells of the epidermis. These inclusions appeared to be derived from some of the lamellar bodies and/or abnormal membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of spinous and granular cells. Mitochondria in the epidermal basal cells were more numerous in the ichthyosiform skin than in the uninvolved skin. These findings indicate that, whether the skin is involved or not, the epidermis of the patient with this disorder may always have a structural abnormality, which may be genetically determined. Local environmental factors may play a role in inducing the acanthosis and papillomatosis of the epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372053
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibular-evoked postsynaptic potentials in Deiters neurones (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 214-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Vestibular nerve ; EPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Disynaptic ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of the vestibular nerve induced EPSPs monosynaptically in 29% of cat's Deiters neurones sampled on the ipsilateral side. These EPSPs started with latencies of 0.6–1.0 msec, rose sharply with a summit time of 0.5 msec and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 0.9–1.7 msec. Then amplitudes were graded finely according to the intensity of the vestibular nerve stimulation, the maximal size being 5–10 mV. The unitary EPSPs, evoked by vestibular nerve stimulation at juxta-threshold intensity or appearing spontaneously, were as small as 0.2–0.3 mV in amplitude. Those neurones monosynaptically activated by vestibular nerve volleys were located in the ventral portion of the nucleus of Deiters, in agreement with histological data. The vestibular nerve impulses also produced delayed EPSPs with latencies of 1.0–1.8 msec, presumably disynaptically. They occurred in many Deiters neurones located not only ventrally but also dorsally. Even later EPSPs often were superposed on the monosynaptic EPSPs with latencies of 1.9–2.2 msec. There is evidence that they were caused by repetitive discharges in the vestibular nerve fibres which occur in response to single shock stimulation of the vestibular nerve. IPSPs were produced only polysynaptically in some Deiters neurones in association with the monosynaptic EPSPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar-evoked disinhibition in dorsal deiters neurones (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 247-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; Disinhibition ; Cerebellum ; Cats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following the stimulation of cerebellar cortex, a slow depolarization developed in the neurones which were impaled with microelectrodes in the dorsal portion of the nucleus of Deiters. Characteristically, it was produced bilaterally from a wide area of the culmen and, with double shock stimulation at brief intervals, showed a marked potentiation, often in association with a later depression. After repetitive stimulation of the cerebellar cortex the slow depolarization was prolonged for a period of many seconds. Even stimulation of the spinal cord caused similar depolarization. By intracellular injection of currents and ions, the depolarization was shown to be disinhibition, i. e., removal of background inhibition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that there was a steady production of IPSPs in dorsal Deiters neurones, which diminished during the phase of disinhibition. As the possible source of these background IPSPs, the Purkinje cell axons within the nucleus of Deiters were found to be discharging rhythmically at a rate of 20–90/sec, and in fact they were depressed very effectively after cerebellar stimulation. At the same time, volleys along Purkinje cell axons produced by a testing cerebellar stimulation also were diminished, indicating a depression in the excitability of Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of mossy fiber-granule cell pathway to the cerebellar-induced delayed inhibition in Deiters neurones (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Purkinje Cell ; Mossy fibre ; Granule Cell ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, electric pulse stimuli were applied at various lateralities to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. In dorsal Deiters neurones delayed IPSPs with latencies of 3–6 msec were evoked from the entire area of the culmen including the paravermis bilaterally. The delayed IPSPs had a summit time of about 2 msec and a duration of about 7 msec. They showed a marked temporal facilitation and subsequent depression with double shock stimulation. Corticovestibular fibers were penetrated within the nucleus of Deiters and showed delayed, labile responses to cortical stimulation, corresponding to the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. During stimulation of the anterior lobe at any laterality, field potentials recorded in the cerebellar cortex further revealed that there was activation, presumably through axon collaterals of mossy fibers, of granule cells and subsequently of Purkinje cells in the vermal cortex. Cortical events exhibited a prominent temporal facilitation and subsequent depression, in parallel with that observed for the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. The delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones arising from a wide area of the cerebellar cortex thus were attributed to activation through mossy fiber-granule cell pathway of Purkinje cells of the corticovestibular projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237915
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