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  • Chemistry  (9)
  • Ultrastructure  (5)
  • IPSP  (4)
  • Adaptation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of pili annulati (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 280 (1988), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pili annulati ; Ultrastructure ; DACM staining ; Hair cortex ; Protein metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plucked scalp hairs and hair roots of pili annulati were examined to understand their pathogenesis. Stereoscopic examinations of hairs in transmitted light and/or reflected light and light microscopic surveys of the cross-sections of hairs confirmed that the cortical empty spaces appeared to be responsible to the unique dotted shiny appearance of the hairs seen by the unaided eyes under a refracted light. By transmission electron microscope, small vacuoles and dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of the differentiating cortical cells; subsequently, with increasing number of tonofilaments, an uneven distribution of free ribosomes occurred and abnormal spaces containing fine granular substances were formed in the cytoplasm of the cortical cells. Occasionally, extremely large cortical trichohyaline granules were found. In the keratinized hair, irregular empty spaces were present in the cortex of the abnormal hair segments. Histochemically, the keratinized cortex of the affected hairs always had more residual SH groups than the controls. Pili annulati may be a disorder of protein metabolism involving a partial dysfunction of cytoplasmic ribosomes, resulting in a lack of cortical keratin formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440605
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of the fungi in chromoblastomycosis: morphometry and electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Chromoblastomycosis ; Host-fungus relationship ; Morphometry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the histological distribution and the morphology of the fungi and the tissue reactions in chromoblastomycosis, especially in the process of trans-epidermal elimination, cutaneous lesions of two patients with this disease were studied morphometrically and ultrastructurally. In the dermis, most of the fungal elements appeared as sclerotic cells and their cell wall showed an irregular, worm-eaten leaf-like appearance; they seemed to be continuously attacked by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The epidermis eliminated 10–20% of all the organisms in the skin lesions, and the hypha-forming activity tended to be higher in the epidermis than in the dermis. Ultrastructurally, basal keratinocytes facing the dermal abscess containing fungal elements frequently appeared as dark cells, suggesting an increased proliferation activity. Spinous keratinocytes facing intraepidermal microabscesses containing fungal elements showed an abnormal accumulation of tonofilaments and further early keratinization in the spinous cell layer. All of the morphological changes of the dermis and epidermis are regarded as defence reactions against the fungi existing in the skin lesions. There is a close relationship between tissue reactions and morphological changes of fungi in chromoblastomycosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373377
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathogenesis of inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus: histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Inflammatory linear epidermal naevus ; Keratinization ; DACM ; Involucrin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin lesions of three patients with inflammatory linear verrucose epidermal naevus (ILVEN) were examined. Histologically, orthokeratosis and parakeratosis were alternately seen in the acanthotic epidermis. By N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide staining, the horny cells in the parakeratotic epidermis showed a cytoplasmic SH pattern and a weak membranous SS pattern. The orthokeratotic epidermis revealed an increased involucrin expression, whereas the parakeratotic epidermis showed almost no involucrin expression. Ultrastructurally, in the parakeratotic epidermis, the living keratinocytes had prominent Golgi apparatuses and vesicles in the cytoplasm. In the intercellular spaces in the upper spinous layer through to the lower horny layer, an electron dense, homogeneous substance was deposited. The cytoplasm of the horny cells was filled with keratin filaments and contained remnants of nucleus and cytoplasmic membrane structures, and some lipid droplets. The marginal band formation was incomplete. Most of these ultrastructural abnormalities were not found in the orthokeratotic epidermis. There are both similarities and differences in histopathogenesis of the parakeratotic epidermis between ILVEN and psoriasis. A unique finding was the lack of involucrin expression in the ILVEN parakeratotic epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371921
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic ultrastructural changes of the connective tissue sheath of human hair follicles during hair cycle (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 434-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hair cycle ; Human hair follicle ; Connective tissue sheath ; Hyaline membrane ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes of the connective tissue sheath (CTS), including the hyaline membrane, of human hair follicles during the hair cycle, were studied in normal scalp skin specimens. In early anagen, the CTS was composed of a thin basal lamina and surrounding collagen tissue. The collagen tissue gradually thickened during the development of the hair and hair follicle. In mature anagen hair follicles, the collagen tissue was separated into three layers. The inner collagen layer, just outside the basal lamina, was thin and composed of collagen fibres running longitudinally parallel to the hair axis. The middle collagen layer was very thick with its collagen fibres running transversely against the hair axis and surrounding the inner hair tissue. Many fibroblasts were present among the collagen fibres in the middle layer, whereas the inner layer contained almost none. In the outer collagen layer, collagen fibres ran in various directions parallel to the outer surface of the outer root sheath cells. In late anagen, the basal lamina became very thick. In catagen, the basal lamine and the inner collagen layer became corrugated and showed oedematous change and degeneration. Surrounding fibroblasts showed active production of new collagen fibres, which seemed to fill the spaces left by the retraction of the hair follicle and hyaline membrane. These ultrastructural changes of the CTS show that there may be dynamic metabolic changes of the connective tissue around human hair follicles during the hair cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402618
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibular-evoked postsynaptic potentials in Deiters neurones (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 7 (1969), S. 214-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Vestibular nerve ; EPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Disynaptic ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation of the vestibular nerve induced EPSPs monosynaptically in 29% of cat's Deiters neurones sampled on the ipsilateral side. These EPSPs started with latencies of 0.6–1.0 msec, rose sharply with a summit time of 0.5 msec and decayed exponentially with a time constant of 0.9–1.7 msec. Then amplitudes were graded finely according to the intensity of the vestibular nerve stimulation, the maximal size being 5–10 mV. The unitary EPSPs, evoked by vestibular nerve stimulation at juxta-threshold intensity or appearing spontaneously, were as small as 0.2–0.3 mV in amplitude. Those neurones monosynaptically activated by vestibular nerve volleys were located in the ventral portion of the nucleus of Deiters, in agreement with histological data. The vestibular nerve impulses also produced delayed EPSPs with latencies of 1.0–1.8 msec, presumably disynaptically. They occurred in many Deiters neurones located not only ventrally but also dorsally. Even later EPSPs often were superposed on the monosynaptic EPSPs with latencies of 1.9–2.2 msec. There is evidence that they were caused by repetitive discharges in the vestibular nerve fibres which occur in response to single shock stimulation of the vestibular nerve. IPSPs were produced only polysynaptically in some Deiters neurones in association with the monosynaptic EPSPs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of mossy fiber-granule cell pathway to the cerebellar-induced delayed inhibition in Deiters neurones (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 12 (1971), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters ; Purkinje Cell ; Mossy fibre ; Granule Cell ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, electric pulse stimuli were applied at various lateralities to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. In dorsal Deiters neurones delayed IPSPs with latencies of 3–6 msec were evoked from the entire area of the culmen including the paravermis bilaterally. The delayed IPSPs had a summit time of about 2 msec and a duration of about 7 msec. They showed a marked temporal facilitation and subsequent depression with double shock stimulation. Corticovestibular fibers were penetrated within the nucleus of Deiters and showed delayed, labile responses to cortical stimulation, corresponding to the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. During stimulation of the anterior lobe at any laterality, field potentials recorded in the cerebellar cortex further revealed that there was activation, presumably through axon collaterals of mossy fibers, of granule cells and subsequently of Purkinje cells in the vermal cortex. Cortical events exhibited a prominent temporal facilitation and subsequent depression, in parallel with that observed for the delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones. The delayed IPSPs in Deiters neurones arising from a wide area of the cerebellar cortex thus were attributed to activation through mossy fiber-granule cell pathway of Purkinje cells of the corticovestibular projection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237915
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of cerebellar-induced inhibition of Deiters neurones I. Monosynaptic initiation of the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 330-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Deiters neurones ; IPSP ; Monosynaptic ; Purkinje cells ; Inhibitory neurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum, postsynaptic potentials were recorded intracellularly from ipsilateral Deiters neurones of the cat. In the majority of examined cells, the inhibitory postsynapic potentials were induced with short latency; 1.06 msec on the average from lobule III or IV. The latency was longer (1.23 msec) when the lobule V was stimulated, while it was shorter (0.86 msec) from the juxtafastigial region. It follows that the IPSP was produced via a monosynaptic pathway at a conduction velocity of 15 to 20 m/sec. Recording of the extracellular field potentials and focal stimulation within and around Deiters' nucleus further indicated that the inhibitory impulses propagated out of the cerebellum along a remarkable bundle of fibres which terminated within Deiters' nucleus. These results are all explicable by assuming that the cerebellar Purkinje cells are inhibitory in nature and so produce IPSPs monosynaptically in Deiters neurones via the long corticofugal fibres. Monosynaptic EPSPs were also detected in some Deiters neurones. They are considered to be mediated by the other pathways formed of axon collaterals of the cerebellar afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234779
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postsynaptic influences on the vestibular non-deiters nuclei from primary vestibular nerve (1969)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 8 (1969), S. 190-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular ; EPSP ; IPSP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurones in the descending, medial and superior vestibular nuclei of the cats were explored with intracellular microelectrodes. Cerebellar- and spinal-projecting neurones were identified by their antidromic invasion from the region of fastigial nuclei and from the second cervical segment, respectively, and the others by their location. The central actions of the primary vestibular impulses upon these non-Deiters vestibular nuclei neurones were investigated by using electric stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Many of these cells received excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) monosynaptically, similar to those evoked in the ventral Deiters neurones, as described elsewhere, except that the unitary EPSPs are often larger. Some cells received only polysynaptic EPSPs or IPSPs and a few cells were not influenced at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234539
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the skin in Sjögren — Larsson syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 283 (1991), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sjögren ; Larsson syndrome ; Ichthyosis ; Ultrastructure ; Lamellar body ; Keratinization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ichthyosiform skin and the uninvolved skin of a 5-year-old Japanese female with Sjögren — Larsson syndrome were examined by light and electron microscopy to elucidate the keratinization disorder. Light microscopically, the epidermis of the ichthyosiform skin showed acanthosis, papillomatosis and hyperkeratosis. The horny cells had a basket-weave appearance. The granular cell layer was slightly thickened. Slight round cell infiltration and vascular dilatation were seen in the upper dermis. The uninvolved skin was histologically normal. Electron microscopically, in both ichthyosiform and uninolved skin, abnormal lamellar or membranous inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of horny cells of the epidermis. These inclusions appeared to be derived from some of the lamellar bodies and/or abnormal membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of spinous and granular cells. Mitochondria in the epidermal basal cells were more numerous in the ichthyosiform skin than in the uninvolved skin. These findings indicate that, whether the skin is involved or not, the epidermis of the patient with this disorder may always have a structural abnormality, which may be genetically determined. Local environmental factors may play a role in inducing the acanthosis and papillomatosis of the epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372053
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive modification of the rabbit's horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex during sustained vestibular and optokinetic stimulation (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 17-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Vestibular ; Ocular ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adaptability of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) and the optokinetic response (OKR) was examined in alert albino rabbits during sustained runs lasting 5–12 h under four different stimulus conditions. (1) Sinusoidal rotation of the rabbit in darkness by 5 ° at 1/10 Hz, or (2) sinusoidal movement of a vertical slit light by 2.5 ° or 5 ° at 1/10 Hz around the optical axis of the stationary rabbit, affected the gain of neither the HVOR nor the OKR. (3) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the stationary slit light increased the gain of the HVOR gradually. A plateau at about 140% of the initial control was reached in 5 h. (4) Combination of the stimulus as in (1) with the slit light movement by 10 ° in phase with the turntable decreased the HVOR gain gradually, a plateau being obtained at about 70 % of the initial control in 5 h. Changes of the HVOR gain induced in conditions (3) and (4) were not frequency-specific and accompanied by no significant modification of either the gain or phase of the OKR or the linear property of HVOR-OKR interaction. A small but significant change of the HVOR phase was also detected under the condition (3) but not (4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474250
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