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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 972 (1988), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: (Human erythrocyte) ; Encapsulation ; Erythrocyte aging ; Hexokinase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 972 (1988), S. 1-3+6-8 
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Human erythrocyte) ; Encapsulation ; Erythrocyte aging ; Hexokinase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 42 (1988), S. 37-47 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Keywords: Aging ; Erythrocyte viability ; Mouse
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuromuskuläres Monitoring ; M. adductor pollicis ; M. orbicularis oculi ; Cisatracurium ; Atracurium ; Key words Neuromuscular monitoring ; Adductor pollicis muscle ; Orbicularis oculi muscle ; Cisatracurium ; Atracurium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives: Muscle relaxants have different pharmacodynamic profiles in various muscles. Therefore, results obtained for one muscle cannot be extrapolated to other muscles. In the adductor pollicis muscle cisatracurium exerts a pharmacodynamic profile comparable to atracurium, despite the known difference in onset time. However, studies evaluating the neuromuscular effect of cisatracurium in different muscles are lacking. Accordingly, this study compares the pharmacodynamic profile of cisatracurium and atracurium in the orbicularis oculi muscle (OO) – which shows a neuromuscular course similar to the diaphragm and the laryngeal muscles – and the adductor pollicis muscle (AP). Methods: Forty-five patients (ASA I–II), scheduled for elective spinal surgery were anaesthetized with propofol and fentanyl. Endotracheal intubation was performed without using a muscle relaxant. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored using acceleromyography in both muscles. Patients received 0.1 mg/kg (2× ED95) or 0.15 mg/kg (3× ED95) cisatracurium, or 0.5 mg/kg atracurium (2× ED95) at random. Onset and recovery times were measured according to the recommendation of the Copenhagen Consensus Conference. Results: Onset time was significantly shorter in the OO than in the AP following 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium and 0.5 mg/kg atracurium (P〈0.05). No differences in onset time between the two muscles were found after 0.1 mg/kg cisatracurium. The recovery of T1 to 10% of its control was completed sooner in the OO than in the AP in all three groups (P〈0.05). Conclusions: Cisatracurium shows a dose-dependent shorter onset time in the OO than in the AP. This is consistent with the current view that the onset of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers is more rapid in the OO than in the AP. However, at least a dose of 3× ED95 of cisatracurium was necessary to show a difference in onset time between both muscles. In contrast, atracurium is reported to lead to a significantly shorter onset of neuromuscular block in the OO following 2× the ED95. The more rapid recovery of T1 to 10% of its control in all three groups in the OO is due to the relative resistance of this muscle to muscle relaxants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Muskelrelaxanzien zeigen ein unterschiedliches pharmakodynamisches Wirkungsprofil an verschiedenen Muskelgruppen. Am M. adductor pollicis hat Cisatracurium, bis auf eine längere Anschlagzeit, ein vergleichbares pharmakodynamisches Profil wie Atracurium. Untersuchungen an anderen Muskelgruppen wurden für Cisatracurium bisher nicht durchgeführt. In der vorliegenden klinischen Studie sollte daher die neuromuskuläre Wirkung von Cisatracurium am M. orbicularis oculi (OO) – dessen neuromuskuläre Reaktion annähernd derjenigen des Diaphragmas und der Larynxmuskulatur entspricht – und am M. adductor pollicis (AP) im Vergleich mit Atracurium untersucht werden. Methodik: Untersucht wurden 45 Patienten (ASA I–II), die sich einer elektiven Wirbelsäulenoperation unterziehen mußten. Nach Narkoseeinleitung erfolgte die Intubation ohne vorherige Injektion eines Muskelrelaxans. An beiden Muskeln wurde die evozierte Muskelantwort mittels Akzeleromyographie gemessen. Die Patienten erhielten randomisiert 0,1 mg/kg (2× ED95), 0,15 mg/kg (3× ED95) Cisatracurium oder 0,5 mg/kg Atracurium (2× ED95). Die Anschlag- und Erholungszeiten wurden entsprechend den Empfehlungen der Copenhagen Consensus Conference definiert. Ergebnisse: Nach 0,15 mg/kg Cisatracurium und 0,5 mg/kg Atracurium waren die Anschlagzeiten am OO kürzer als am AP (p〈0,05). Nach 0,1 mg/kg Cisatracurium fanden sich keine Unterschiede in den Anschlagzeiten zwischen beiden Muskeln. Der Zeitintervall bis zur 10% Erholung der T1-Antwort war in allen drei Gruppen am OO kürzer als am AP (p〈0,05). Schlußfolgerung: Cisatracurium zeigt eine dosisabhängig kürzere Anschlagzeit am OO als am AP. Dieser Befund steht im Einklang mit der bisherigen Erfahrung, daß nicht- depolarisierende Muskelrelaxanzien dosisabhängig eine kürzere Anschlagzeit am OO haben im Vergleich mit dem AP. Auffallend war, daß dieser Unterschied zwischen beiden Muskeln erst ab einer 3fachen ED95 auftrat, während für Atracurium eine schnellere Anschlagzeit am OO bereits ab einer 2fachen ED95 beschrieben wird. Die höhere Resistenz des OO gegenüber Muskelrelaxanzien erklärt die schnellere Erholung der T1-Antwort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 337 (1996), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Paramoera walkeri ; benthos ; depth gradient ; ash content ; Antarctica ; co-occurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Body weight distributions of the amphipod Paramoera walkeri colonizing litter-bags at different depths (2, 5, and 10 m) in Terra Nova Bay were compared. This species dominated the vagile benthic community and was found nearly alone at the shallow sites. At the deepest site it co-occurred with two smaller benthic species (the gastropod Laevilitorina antarctica and the isopod Munna antarctica) but still accounted for most of the animal biomass (80.2%). The frequency size-class distributions of the three dominant species were sharply distinct in a condition of stable coexistence. The total biomass was inversely related to the abundance of animals and diminished with increasing depth. Both species and size-class diversities were higher in deep water which offered a more diversified and favourable habitat than shallow water. At the shallow sites only the large size classes of P. walkeri were present. Differences in the mean individual ash content between samples support the hypothesis that different size individuals of P. walkeri segregated along the depth gradient on the basis of their metabolic requirements and the related ability to exploit sub-optimal environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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