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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • X-ray analysis  (2)
  • Air Flow  (1)
  • CD69  (1)
  • Key words Ectatic leg veins  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD69 on T-cells from HIV-1-infected children and adolescents increases with increasing viral load (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 638-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words HIV-1 ; T-cells ; CD69 ; Activation ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the use of a whole-blood assay that measures spontaneous and activation-induced CD69 expression on peripheral blood T-cells in vitro for assessment of T-cell function in HIV-1-infected paediatric patients. Heparinized venous blood from 28 HIV-1 positive children and adolescents and 23 healthy controls was incubated for 4 h with or without 5 μg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Thereafter, analysis of CD69 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was done by flow cytometry; simultaneously we determined CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma HIV-1 viral load. Neither spontaneous nor PHA-induced CD69 expression differed significantly between HIV-1 positive patients and healthy controls. However, T-cells from HIV-1 positive patients with plasma HIV-1 viral load levels above 70 × 103 copies/ml showed a higher spontaneous CD69 expression than T-cells from patients with lower plasma viral load levels in different stages of the disease. Antiretroviral treatment in four patients reduced spontaneous CD69 expression in CD4+ T-cells and PHA-induced CD69 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells significantly after 8 weeks of therapy. Conclusion Spontaneous and activation-induced expression of the early (activation) antigen CD69 on peripheral blood T-cells does not distinguish HIV-1 positive patients from HIV-1 negative healthy controls and is not correlated with peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts. This test may not be a reliable marker for functional T-cell deficiency during early stages of HIV disease. Increased spontaneous as well as PHA-induced CD69 expression on T-cells from HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in vitro may rather reflect HIV-induced pre-activation of T-cells in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051167
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behandlung von Besenreisern mit einem blitzlampengepumpten gepulsten Farbstofflaser mit 1,5 ms Impulsdauer (1998)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 49 (1998), S. 560-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Besenreiser ; Sklerotherapie ; Blitzlampengepumpter gepulster Farbstofflaser ; Selektive Photothermolyse ; Key words Ectatic leg veins ; Sclerotherapy ; Flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser ; Selective photothermolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser with 1,5 ms pulse length and tunable wavelengths between 585 and 600 nm (Candela ScleroPLUS) is now available for the treatment of ectatic leg veins. We evaluated 232 single test treatments using 595 and 600 nm wavelength in 75 test persons. For smaller vessels up to a diameter of 0,5 mm, treatments at 16 and 18 J/cm2 showed good results in 60 and 82% respectively; for vessels up to 1 mm in 27 and 33%. Treatment at 595 nm was a little more effective than at 600 nm. Larger vessels could not be treated effectively. The main side effects consisted in hyper- (34%) or hypopigmentation (30%). Thus, in addition to the usual sclerotherapy, this laser is a useful device for the treatment of leg vein ectasia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Behandlung kosmetisch störender Besenreiser steht ein neuer blitzlampengepumpter gepulster Farstofflaser mit 1,5 ms Impulsdauer und verschiedenen Wellenlängen zwischen 585 und 600 nm zur Verfügung (Candela ScleroPLUS). Wir evaluierten 232 einmalige Probebehandlungen mit 595 und 600 nm Wellenlänge bei 75 Probanden. Bei kleineren Gefäßen bis 0,5 mm Durchmesser konnte bei Behandlung mit 16 bzw. 18 J/cm2 unter Zusammenfassung beider Wellenlängen in 60 bzw. 82% der Fälle ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis erzielt werden, bei Gefäßen bis 1 mm noch in knapp 27 bzw. 33%, wobei bei 595 nm tendenziell bessere Ergebnisse als bei 600 nm beobachtet werden konnten. Bei größeren Gefäßen zeigte sich kein deutlicher Erfolg. Die Nebenwirkungen beschränkten sich im wesentlichen auf Hyper- (34%) und Hypopigmentierungen (30%). Dieser Laser stellt somit eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen Sklerosierungstherapie dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050789
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microstructure of trans-polyoctenamer (1988)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyoctenamer ; microstructure ; X-ray analysis ; electron microscopy ; interface distribution function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of trans-polyoctenamer has been investigated as a function of the trans double bond concentration and the type of regulator. The samples were characterized using GPC, DSC and X-ray wide and small angle scattering. The small angle scattering was analyzed by calculating interface distribution functions and by Guinier and Porod analysis. It was found that the microstructure is primarily determined by the trans content. The type of regulator has a minor influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452584
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray investigations of the formation of core-fibrils crystallized out of the oriented melt (1988)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Core-fibrils ; crystallization models ; fiber morphology ; X-ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crystallization models for the formation of core-fibrils crystallized from the oriented melt are discussed by comparing results from X-ray experiments with theoretical predictions. Two sets of polymer blends, the systems iPP/PB-1 and iPP/aPP have been measured. From wide angle X-ray scattering, the thicknesses of the core-fibrils, lattice distortions, and unit-cell parameters have been determined. Interface distribution functions have been used to evaluate the axial morphology of the fibers from meridional small angle X-ray scattering curves. It appears that the morphological predictions made by the crystallization models of Pennings and of Hoffman cannot be confirmed by the experimental findings. The diffusion model proposed by Petermann partially describes the morphological properties of the core-fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01457257
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weld lines in injection moulded polypropylene parts. Mechanical properties morphology relationships (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1990), S. 35-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Morphologie von Polypropylen-Spritzgußteilen mit Bindenaht wurde mit Röntgenweit-und Kleinwinkelstreuung, Lichtstreuung und Polarisationsmikroskopie untersucht. Die erhaltenen morphologischen Daten wurden mit mechanischen Werten aus Zugversuchen korreliert. Es wird gefunden, daß die mechanischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Proben im wesentlichen von der sphärolithstruktur beeinflußt werden. Anhäufungen von Sphärolithen mit Kristallen der hexagonalen β-Modifikation und eine starke Inhomogenität der Sphärolithstruktur senkrecht zur Bindenaht sind der wesentliche Grund für die verschlechterten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Diese Sphärolithstruktur wird durch die Temperatur des Spritzgußwerkzeugs stark beeinflußt. Die Lamellen-Überstruktur hat dagegen einen vernachlässigbar kleinen Einfluß auf das mechanische Verhalten.
    Notes: The morphology of polypropylene plaques containing a weld line, has been investigated by x-ray wide and small angle scattering, light scattering and polarization microscopy. The results are correlated to mechanical values obtained from tensile tests. While the lamellar morphology is of neglectable influence, it is found, that the mechanical properties of the samples are strongly influenced by the spherulitic structure. Clustering of β-type spherulites and strong morphological inhomogeneities in the vicinity of the weld line are the primary reason for the mechanical weakening of the plaques. The temperature of the mould has a strong effect on the spherulitic structure and thus on the tensile properties of the samples.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051790104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zusammenhänge zwischen mechanischem Verhalten und Morphologie von eigenfaserverstärkten Poly(propylen)/Poly(1-buten)-Blends, kristallisiert aus der hochorientierten Schmelze (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 183-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The tensile properties of self reinforced poly(propylene)/poly(1-butene) composites, obtained by rapid extension of the melt, have been measured and correlated to morphological parameters derived from x-ray experiments. Critical fiber lengths as a function of sample composition and the elastic modulus and yield stress of the fibers could be determined. It is shown, that, applying a load to the system, the forces are fully taken up by the fibers and the system breaks by fail of the fibers. The longitudinal structure of the fibers is found to be independent of sample composition.
    Notes: Mechanische Parameter wie Elastizitätsmodul, Fliß- und Bruchspannung von aus der hochorientierten Schmelze hergestellten nadelkristallinen Mischungen aus Poly(propylen) und Poly(1-bute) wurden mit morphologischen Parametern, die aus Röntgenmessungen abgeleitet wurden, korreliert. Es wird gezeigt, daß der Elastizitätsmodul des Verbundes aus den E-Moduln der Fasern und der Matrix berechnet werden kann (Mischungsregel). Die an der Probe angreifenden Kräfte werden voll auf die Fasern übertragen; der Verbund kann daher als eigenfaserverstärktes System angesehen werden. Die Abschätzung der kritischen Faserlänge ergibt, daß die Festigkeit der FAsern voll ausgenutzt wird; der Bruch des Systems bei Belastung ist daher auf das Versagen der Fasern zurückzuführen. Das mechanische Verhalten des Verbundes wird stark beeinflußt durch die Komponentenzusammensetzung. Die longitudinale Struktur der Nadeln beider Komponenten bleibt unbeeinflußt von der jeweiligen Co-Komponente.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051920115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface distribution functions of diluted polymer systems containing core fibrils (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 157 (1988), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung von aus der orientierten Schmelze kristallisierten Legierungen aus isotaktischem Polypropylen und Poly(1-buten) wurden Grenzflächenverteilungsfunktionen berechnet. Die Proben enthalten Nadelkristalle, die in Bezug auf ihre Abstandsverteilung ein „verdünntes System“ darstellen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Berechnung von Grenzflächenverteilungsfunktionen aus jeweils nur zwei Grenzflächen möglich ist. Der Vergleich der erhaltenen Nadeldicken mit Ergebnissen aus anderen Auswertemethoden ergibt eine gute Übereinstimmung.
    Notes: Interface distribution functions have been evaluated from the equatorial small angle x-ray scattering of blends of isotactic polypropylene and poly(1-butene) crystallized in the shear field of the oriented melt. The samples contain core fibrils which represent a diluted system with respect to their distance statistics. It is shown, that interface distribution functions can be calculated from only two interfaces (diffuse phase boundaries between fibrils and amourphous phase). The calculated thicknesses agree well with values determined from other methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051570113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of trans-polyoctenylene in isotactic poly(propylene), 2Part 1: cf.(1).. Crystallization behaviour (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization kinetics of thin films of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and transpolyoctenylene rubber (TOR) was investigated by optical microscopy. Nucleation densities, Avrami exponents and spherulitic growth rates show specific dependencies on the concentration of TOR in the blend. From the results it is concluded, that at a mass fraction of TOR wTOR = 0,10 the TOR is more finely dispersed in the blend than for other compositions. Due to the subsequent formation of interfaces, the nucleation is found to be predominantly heterogeneous at wTOR = 0,10, while it is preferentially homogeneous at all other compositions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of trans-polyoctenylene in isotactic poly(propylene), 1. Morphology/mechanical properties relationships (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 85-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Blends of isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) and trans-polyoctenylene (TOR), prepared from solution, exhibit unexpected mechanical properties at specific mass fractions of TOR: While generally the elastic modulus E decreases continuously with increasing TOR content, it surpasses a maximum for mass fractions of TOR around 0,10. The reason for this behaviour is investigated. It turns out that the crystallinity as well as the crystal morphology (which is investigated by evaluating small-angle X-ray scattering by interface distribution functions) does not explain the mechanical behaviour. The order of the lamellar stacks (number of orientation-correlated crystals) proves to be well correlated with the course of the elastic modulus. This order is a consequence of the increasing dispersion of TOR at mass fractions between 0,075 and 0,20 creating interfaces and infecting subsequently the crystallization conditions in the sample.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of air flow patterns in the human nose (1993)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 31 (1993), S. 585-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Air Flow ; Human ; Nasal cavity ; Nose ; Turbinate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nasal cavity is the main passage for air flow between the ambient atmosphere and the lungs. A preliminary requisite for any investigation of the mechanisms of each of its main physiological functions, such as filtration, air-conditioning and olfaction, is a basic knowledge of the air-flow pattern in this cavity. However, its complex three-dimensional structure and inaccessibility has traditionally prevented a detailed examination of internalin vivo orin vitro airflow patterns. To gain more insight into the flow pattern in inaccessible regions of the nasal cavity we have conducted a mathematical simulation of asymmetric airflow patterns through the nose. Development of a nose-like model, which resembles the complex structure of the nasal cavity, has allowed for a detailed analysis of various boundary conditions and structural parameters. The coronal and sagittal cross-sections of the cavity were modeled as trapezoids. The inferior and middle turbinates were represented by curved plates that emerge from the lateral walls. The airflow was considered to be incompressible, steady and laminar. Numerical computations show that the main air flux is along the cavity floor, while the turbinate structures direct the flow in an anterior-posterior direction. The presence of the turbinates and the trapezoidal shape of the cavity force more air flux towards the olfactory organs at the top of the cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441806
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