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  • Histamine  (7)
  • Atemwegsobstruktion  (5)
  • Airway Resistance  (3)
  • Bronchial hyperresponsiveness  (2)
  • Fibroblasts  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhalative Noxen: Schwefeldioxyd (1974)
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 83-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Exposure to SO2 ; Airway Resistance ; Time-Concentration Curve ; Obstructive Bronchitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand eigener Ergebnisse und anhand der Literaturangaben werden verschiedene Bereiche der SO2-Belastung von Tier und Mensch beschrieben. Bei geringen Konzentrationen in Bereichen der MIK-Werte kann es zu einer Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit des Bronchialsystems kommen. Der Organismus verfügt über Adaptationsmechanismen. Wahrscheinlich spielen Konzentrationsänderungen pro Zeiteinheit eine größere Rolle als die absoluten Konzentrationen. Höhere Konzentrationen können das Krankheitsbild der chronisch obstruktiven Bronchitis verursachen. Probanden, welche SO2 gegenüber am Arbeitsplatz exponiert sind, sollten mit ihrer Reagibilität des Bronchialsystems überwacht werden.
    Notes: Abstract SO2 shows different reactions on the lung and on the bronchial tree, depending on concentration and on duration of exposure. Low concentration can increase the sensitivity of the bronchial receptors, higher concentrations can directly increase the airway resistance. This reaction depends also on other particles inhaled at the same time. Coal dust (8 mg/m3) has no influence on the SO2 effect. Higher concentrations can cause chronic obstructive bronchitis, as could be shown in dogs. Persons exposed to SO2 at work should be checked for the reaction of their bronchial systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkort von β2-Receptoren stimulierenden Bronchodilatatoren (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Obstructive airway disease ; Localisation of the receptors ; Fenoterol ; Localisation of the effect of β-receptor-stimulation ; Ascaris suum-anti-gen ; Atemwegsobstruktion ; Receptorenlokalisation ; Fenoterol ; Wirkort der β2-Receptorenstimulatoren ; Ascaris suum-Antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei gegen Ascaris suum-Extrakt überempfindlichen Hunden kann eine Atemwegsobstruktion sowohl vom oberen als auch vom unteren Teil des Atemtraktes her ausgelöst werden. Fenoterol als β2-Receptorenstimulator vermindert diese Reaktion durch Aerosol-Applikation sowohl an dem oberen als auch an dem unteren Teil des Atemtraktes. Der durch Belegung des oberen Teils des Atemtraktes erzielte Effekt ist viel stärker und länger anhaltend als derjenige, der von den unteren Abschnitten oder bei intravenöser Gabe zu erzielen ist. Ein direkter Effekt des β2-Receptorenstimulators am sensorischen Teil des Reflexweges der Reflexbronchokonstriktion ist anzunehmen. Auch sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, daß nach Fenoterolbelegung der oberen Atemwege auch die im unteren Atemtrakt auslösbaren Bronchokonstriktionen zu beeinflussen sind. Dieser Effekt muß nicht resorptiv-systemisch sein. Für die Klinik ist weiter zu prüfen, welche Rolle in der Pathogenese wie in der Behandlungsfähigkeit die verschiedenen Bereiche des Respirationstraktes für individuelle Formen der Atemwegsobstruktion spielen.
    Notes: Summary On dogs sensitive against Ascaris suum extract an increase of the airway resistance can be caused by challenge alone on the upper part or the lower part of the airways by Ascaris suum extract. Fenoterol as β2-receptor stimulator is capable to decrease this reaction by deposition of this drug on the upper part as on the lower part of the airways. The effect of Fenoterol on the upper part of the airways is much stronger and lasts much longer than on the lower part of the airways or by intravenous route. A direct effect of the β2-receptor stimulator Fenoterol on the sensoric part of the reflex way of the reflex bronchoconstriction must be considered. It will be also discussed that the local application of Fenoterol on the upper part of the airways may influence also the reaction of the bronchial muscles in the lower part of the airways without a direct resorptive-systemic effect. The relationship of these findings for the clinical situation on man has to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of exogenous and endogenous histamine on the respiratory system (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 991-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histamine ; Obstructive air way disease (OAD) ; Oversensitive bronchial system ; Histamine receptors ; Histamin ; Bronchokonstriktion ; überempfindliches Bronchialsystem ; Histamin-Rezeptoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es besteht eine statistisch strenge Korrelation zwischen dem Anstieg der Histaminkonzentration im arteriellen Plasma und dem Anstieg der Strömungswiderstände in den Atemwegen bei experimentell verursachter allergischer Atemwegsobstruktion. Das Histamin wird an sensorischen Rezeptoren im Sinne einer Reflexbronchokonstriktion wirksam. Histamin verursacht in geringen Konzentrationen im Bronchialsystem eine unspezifische Empfindlichkeitssteigerung. Diese kann auch durch Allergene in sehr geringer Konzentration hervorgerufen werden. Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Bronchitis haben hohe Histamin-Konzentrationen im Sputum. Durch Waschungen der inneren Oberfläche des Bronchialbaums lassen sich hohe Histamin-Konzentrationen in der Spülflüssigkeit nachweisen. Die Gabe gleicher Histamin-Konzentrationen intravenös verursacht Bronchokonstriktion. Es ist anzunehmen, daß Histamin-Rezeptoren nahe der Oberfläche der Bronchialschleimhaut vorhanden sind. Ebenso müssen in der Oberfläche oder auf der Oberfläche der Bronchialschleimhaut Mastzellen vorhanden sein.
    Notes: Summary There is a statistically strong correlation between the increase of the histamine concentration in the arterial plasma and the increase of airway resistance. The histamine causes a reflex bronchoconstriction on the sensory receptors. Histamine in low concentration increases the unspecific reaction in the bronchial system. This can also be achieved using low concentrations of allergen aerosols. Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis show high concentrations of histamine in the sputum. The bronchoconstrictive potency of this histamine was found to be not always active. Higher concentrations of histamine can be liberated by washing the inner surface of the bronchial tree. Histamine injected in similar concentrations as that measured in the sputum causes bronchoconstriction. There should be high concentrations of histamine receptors as well as mast cells near the surface of the mucosa of the bronchial wall. There are many questions remaining open, which will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716960
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local release of histamine, prostaglandin F2α and thromboxane B2 into the tracheal lumen and its influence on airways reactivity (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histamine ; Prostaglandin F2α ; Thromboxane B2 ; Mediator release ; Airways reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage with ascaris extract (AE) on airway response to acetylcholine (ACH) and histamine (Hi) was investigated in a series of 24 dogs. AE administered to a restricted area of the trachea resulted in a release of various mediators such as Hi, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α, measured as the metabolite 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) into the tracheal lumen. This differed from H2O administration which resulted in no increased release of these mediators. The relatively small concentrations of these substances measured in arterial plasma argue for the role of these mediators on a local basis. On the other hand, tracheal lavage with allergen induced changes in airway response to ACH and Hi aerosols which was not observed after tracheal lavage with water. An interaction between this allergen-induced mediator release into the trachea and peripheral airways reactivity could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716448
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Möglichkeiten der Inaktivierung der Proteaseaktivität im Sputum bei chronisch obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen durch Proteaseinhibitoren (1972)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 158 (1972), S. 229-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Airway obstruction ; Sputum ; Proteolytic activity ; Inhibition of Proteases ; Atemwegsobstruktion ; Sputum ; Proteolytische Aktivität ; Proteaseinhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Sputum von Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen wird fast immer proteolytische Fermentaktivität gemessen. Es wurde keine Beziehung zwischen der Fermentaktivität im Sputum und dem Schweregrad der Obstruktion gefunden. Die proteolytische Fermentaktivität des Sputums wird in vitro durch Serum zusätzlich zu den gemessenen Inhibitoren des Bronchialschleims gehemmt. Es besteht nur eine geringe Beziehung zur zugeführten alpha1-Antitrypsinkonzentration. Die Seruminhibitoren stehen für die Proteasehemmung im Bronchialschleim nicht ohne weiteres zur Verfügung. Sputumeigene Inhibitoren haben nur eine geringe Hemmfähigkeit für die Aktivität der Leukoproteasen. Mehrere bekannte Proteaseinhibitoren wurden in vitro getestet. Sowohl mit Trasylol® als auch mit Sojabohnenextrakt und Na-thiosulfat konnten in vitro wirksame Inhibierungen erreicht werden.
    Notes: Summary Proteolytic ferment activity is nearly always measured in the sputa of patients suffering from chronic obstructive airway diseases. No relationship has been found between ferment activity in the sputum and the grade of severity of the obstruction. Proteolytic ferment activity of sputum is inhibitedin vitro by serum additionally to the measured inhibitors of bronchial mucus. There exists only a slight relation to the added alpha1-antitrypsin concentration. Serum inhibitors are not implicitly at disposal to inhibit protease in the bronchial mucus. Inhibitors proper to sputum have only a minor inhibition effect on the activity of leukoproteases. Several known protease inhibitors have been testedin vitro. Effective inhibitions could be attainedin vitro by means of trasylol® and soja-bean extract as well as Na-thiosulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852314
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkung von Acetylcholin- und Histamininhalationen sowie Hypoxie auf die arterielle Plasma-Histaminkonzentration (Versuche an Hunden) (1980)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 177 (1980), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Plasma histamine concentration ; Airway obstruction ; Acetylcholine inhalation ; Histamine inhalation ; Hypoxemia ; Plasma-Histaminkonzentration ; Atemwegsobstruktion ; Acetylcholininhalation ; Histamininhalation ; Hypoxämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Inhalation von Histamin wie Acetylcholin bewirkt Histaminfreisetzung mit Anstieg der arteriellen Plasma-Histaminkonzentration. Die hierbei erreichten Plasma-Histaminkonzentrationen sind im Verhältnis zum Anstieg von Edyn wesentlich geringer als bei einer allergenbedingten Histaminfreisetzung. Die entsprechenden Edyn-Anstiege nach Acetylcholin wie nach Histamin können nur zu einem geringen Teil auf das freigesetzte Histamin bezogen werden. Die dem Anstieg von Edyn entsprechenden Anstiege der Strömungswiderstände in den Atemwegen sind alle als vorwiegende Reflexbronchokonstriktion zu verstehen. Die Vergleiche der Effekte von inhaliertem Histamin mit denjenigen durch Allergen freigesetztem Histamin lassen annehmen, daß die sensorischen Rezeptoren wesentlich näher der Schleimhautoberfläche lokalisiert sind als die Mehrzahl der zur Degranulation kommenden Mastzellen. Hypoxämie verursacht einen geringgradigen Anstieg der Plasma-Histaminkonzentration, wobei der entsprechende Anstieg von Edyn etwa demjenigen vergleichbar ist, wie er bei entsprechender durch allergenbedingter Histaminfreisetzung zustande kommt.
    Notes: Summary Inhalation of acetylcholine causes increased histamine concentration in the arterial plasma. This increase is smaller than that following allergen inhalation. The increase in Edyn following ACH inhalation may be related to the histamine released to only a very limited extent. Comparison of the effects of histamine inhalation and allergen inhalation on Edyn and plasma histamine concentration leads to the assumption that sensory receptors are located nearer to the surface of the mucosa than that of the mast cells. Hypoxemia is followed by a slight increase in the arterial plasma histamine concentration. The increase in Edyn corresponds to that caused by allergen inhalation although the increase in Edyn and that in the plasma histamine are much smaller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of vagus nerve on histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction (experiments on cats) (1986)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 186 (1986), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Bronchoconstriction ; Direct action on bronchial muscle ; Histamine ; Acetylcholine ; Vagotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During administration of highly concentrated acetyclcholine and histamine aerosol (20–40 min), different effects on tidal volume, respiratory rate, and bronchial tone could be demonstrated. Inhalation after vagotomy neither showed changes in respiratory rate nor in tidal volume. These results point out the importance of the nervus vagus in case of bronchoconstriction caused by mediators. It is discussed to which degree vagus activity is required for the direct effect of different mediators in living animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851831
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release into cracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Tracheal lavage ; Pronase ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage in a restricted area, with a proteolytic enzyme (Pronase) on the bronchial response to challenge with ACH and AE was studied in 15 dogs. Histamine concentrations measured in the tracheal liquid after lavage with Pronase were smaller than the values after tracheal lavage with allergen. Airway response to ACH inhalation was significantly increased after tracheal lavage with Pronase. Effects of proteolytic enzymes and allergens on the tracheal wall are compared. Allergens and proteolytic enzymes evidence a different mode of action in increasing reactivity of peripheral airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851122
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release into tracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 183 (1983), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Histamine ; Bronchospastic response ; Acetylcholine ; Tracheal lavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage with histamine, and of i.v. administration of histamine on bronchospastic response was studied in 16 dogs. Airway response to acetylcholine inhalation was significantly increased after tracheal lavage with high concentrated histamine solution (1%). No influence on airway response was found after (1) tracheal lavage with lower concentrations of histamine and (2) its i.v. administration. The clinical importance of these manifestations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851764
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of vagus nerves and inhalative aerosols of acetylcholine and histamine on dynamic pulmonary elastance in anesthetized spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated dog (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Vagus ; Bronchoconstriction ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine ; Artificial ventilation ; Spontaneous breathing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the vagus nerves on resting respiratory resistance (R1) and dynamic lung elastance (Edyn) and the mechanism of action of inhaled aerosol of histamine (Hist) and acetylcholine (ACH) were studied in anesthetized spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated dogs. Observations were also extended to study the effect of electrical stimuli to cut ends of both vagi alone and during inhalation of aerosols. Bilateral cervical vagal blockade by local application of novocaine solution (2.5%) or bilateral vagotomy reduced resting R1 and Edyn and prevented increase of these parameters following inhalation of aerosols of Hist or ACH in spontaneously breathing dogs. However, the similar vagal blockade or vagotomy in artificially ventilated animals showed neither an influence on resting R1 and Edyn nor could it prevent their increase following the exposure to aerosol of Hist or ACH. Electrical stimuli to the peripheral cut ends of vagi induced slight increase in R1 and Edyn, but the effect on heart rate and systemic blood pressure was very strong. The combined effects of aerosol of Hist or ACH and electrical stimuli were additive. It is concluded that inhalation of aerosol of Hist or ACH produced two kinds of effects on respiration: (1) Increased respiratory rates with reduced tidal volume and with bronchoconstriction which were vagusdependent (spontaneous breathing model), and (2) bronchoconstriction which was a direct response of smooth muscle without involving a reflex (artificial ventilation model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851186
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