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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acromegaly ; TRH ; Human growth hormone ; Human prolactin ; Akromegalie ; TRH ; Wachstumshormon ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung TRH kann im Gegensatz zum Gesunden bei Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie zu einem Anstieg der Wachstumshormon-(hGH)-Spiegel führen, wohingegen die Prolactin-(hPRL)-Sekretion bei aktiver Akromegalie vermindert sein soll. Bei 23 Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie (hGH: 68,5±19,9 ng/ml; ±SE) und 15 Patienten mit inaktiver Akromegalie (hGH: 2,3±0,4 ng/ml; ±SE) wurde die TRH-induzierte hGH- und hPRL-Sekretion untersucht. Bei 14 der aktiven Akromegalen kam es nach 200 µg TRH i.v. zu einem zum Teil exzessiven Anstieg der hGH-Spiegel auf mindestens das Doppelte des Basalspiegels. Von den Patienten mit inaktiver Akromegalie wurde nur in einem Fall ein solcher TRH-induzierter hGH-Anstieg gefunden. Die basalen hPRL-Spiegel waren bei 9 der Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie erhöht und lagen bei den übrigen im Bereich der Norm. Mit Ausnahme von 3 Patienten mit normalem hPRL-Spiegel und einer Patientin mit exzessiv erhöhtem Serum-hPRL mit einem hGH-und hPRL-produzierenden Tumor wurde bei allen ein regelrechter Anstieg der hPRL-Sekretion nach TRH beobachtet. Von den inaktiven Akromegalen hatten 9 erniedrigte hPRL-Spiegel und nur 8 einen normalen hPRL-Anstieg nach TRH. Die Patienten mit eingeschränkter hPRL-Sekretion hatten postoperativ auch weitere Zeichen der Hypophysenvorderlappeninsuffizienz. Diese Befunde zeigen im Gegensatz zu früheren Berichten, daß eine normale oder vermehrte hPRL-Sekretion bei aktiver Akromegalie gefunden werden kann. Der paradoxe Anstieg des hGH nach TRH ist mit einem Verlust der Receptorspezifität für GRH der Adenomzelle vereinbar. Ein TRH-induzierter hGH-Anstieg bei inaktiver Akromegalie mit normalen hGH-Basalspiegeln weist auf in der Sella turcica verbliebenes Adenomgewebe hin.
    Notes: Summary Inappropriate stimulation of growth hormone (hGH)-secretion with TRH in acromegalic subjects has been shown previously, whereas prolactin (hPRL) secretion was reported to be blunted in active acromegaly. In this study TRH induced hGH and hPRL secretion was investigated in 23 active (mean hGH level: 68.5±19.9 ng/ml; ±SE) and 15 inactive acromegalics (mean hGH level: 2.3±0.4 ng/ml; ±SE). Fourteen of the active acromegalics showed a significant increase up to more than double of the basal hGH level after 200 µg TRH while in only one of the inactive acromegalics an inappropriate rise of hGH was induced by TRH. Basal hPRL levels were elevated in 9 and within normal range in 14 of the patients with active acromegaly. Except in 3 patients who had normal basal hPRL levels and in one patient with excessively elevated hPRL and hGH levels due to an hPRL and hGH producing adenoma, all patients had normal hPRL responses to TRH. In those with inactive acromegaly, 9 had hPRL levels below normal and only 8 out of the 15 patients showed a normal rise of hPRL after TRH. The patients who showed no hPRL response to TRH demonstrated also other signs of pituitary insufficiency due to the operative procedure. In contrast to a previous report these findings demonstrate that normal or enhanced hPRL secretion is found in active acromegaly. The inappropriate rise of hGH after TRH is compatible with a loss of specificity of the recptor for GRH of the adenoma cell and can be found also in patients with normal basal hGH levels after treatment suggesting that remaining adenoma tissue is present in the pituitary fossa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) ; GRF test ; Growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peptides of different chain lengths (GRF1–44, GRF1–40, GRF1–29) were given as a 50 µg i.v. bolus to five normal volunteers. Blood was collected before and until 120 min after GRF injection. No serious side effects were recorded. All GRF peptides led to a clearcut and significant increase of GH levels compared to placebo controls with the maximum occurring 15–30 min after GRF injection. There was no significant difference in the maximal GH increase after the different GRF peptides. When GRF1–44 was administered to five normal subjects over 2 days in 6- and 18-h intervals, respectively, significant increase of GH levels were recorded after each injection compared to placebo controls. Again, there was no significant difference between the maximal GH rises during the different tests. These findings show that the short GRF1–29 peptide may be used for diagnosis and therapy. In addition, in contrast to continuous infusion and administration of GRF in short intervals, GRF application in 6-h intervals leads to adequate GH responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 1249-1253 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) ; Growth hormone ; Radioimmunoassay of GRF and GH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF1–44) was given as an i.v. bolus to 8 healthy volunteers in 5 different dosages. Blood was collected before and up to 120 min after GRF-injection. Four subjects received only placebo, five received 3.3 µg, three 12.5 µg, four 50 µg, 5 received 100 µg, and three 200 µg hpGRF1–44. No serious side effects were recorded after hpGRF1–44. All dosages with the exception of the 3.3 µg-dosage lead to a clearcut and significant increase of GH-levels with a maximum occurring 15 to 30 minutes after hpGRF1–44. A dose-response-relationship between the injected GRF-dosage and growth hormone levels was only found from 3.3 to 50 µg hpGRF1–44. The administration of 100 or 200 µg hpGRF1–44 did not lead to a further increase of GH-levels compared to the 50-µg-dose. This was in contrast to the clearcut dose dependency of hpGRF1–44-levels measured by a specific radioimmunoassay over the whole dose range with a maximum occurring 5 minutes after the injection. The mean halftime of disappearance for the 200-µg-dose of hp-GRF1–44 was 7.6±1.7 minutes (±SE). We conclude that there is a marked heterogeneity of the GH-response to hpGRF1–44 in healthy volunteers though a dose-response-relationship over the range from 3.3 to 50 µg hpGRF i.v. could be established. The dose-response-dependency of hpGRF1–44-levels up to the 200-µg-dose indicates that the maximal GH-response is reached when 50 µg hpGRF1–44 are administered. Therefore the test for routine purposes should be performed with 50 µg or 1 µg/kg body weight i.v.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 314-318 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Anterior pituitary ; Releasing hormones ; Dopamine agonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anterior pituitary function was investigated in ten healthy subjects by administering a combination of 200 µg thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), 100 µg gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), 100 µg growth hormone releasing factor (GRF1–44), and 100 µg human corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). The same test protocol was performed in all subjects after pretreatment with 0.25 mg terguride. Five subjects were tested only with TRH and GnRH, five only with CRF, and six only with GRF. There was a prompt increase in all hormones after the administration of the four releasing hormones (RH). Pretreatment with terguride lowered the prolactin (PRL) increase (p〈0.01) as well as the thyrotropin (TSH) peak (p〈0.05) compared with the test without dopamine agonist pretreatment. The PRL levels after combined RH administration were significantly higher than after TRH and GnRH alone. Although four of the five subjects had higher TSH levels after combined RH administration than after TRH and GnRH alone, the difference was not significant. Other hormones were not significantly influenced by the combined RH administration or dopamine agonist pretreatment. Despite the fact that the interaction of the different releasing hormones and dopamine agonists influences the pituitary hormone response, combined RH administration seems to be a useful test for evaluating pituitary function also in patients receiving dopamine agonist therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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