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  • Exercise  (3)
  • C-peptide  (2)
  • Aldosterone regulation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration in the temporal organisation of insulin secretion in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients under continuous enteral nutrition (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; diabetic ; ultradian rhythm ; enteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concomitant oscillations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels with a period of about 80 min between peak levels have been identified in normal man. To determine whether these oscillations persist in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, peripheral plasma levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured at 10 min intervals over 12 h in six patients and in six matched control subjects during continuous enterai nutrition (90 kcal.h−1; 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein). The insulin secretion rate was estimated from peripheral C-peptide levels using an open two-compartment model. For the control subjects, mean plasma glucose, insulin and insulin secretion profiles rose sharply and then attained a steady-state; in contrast, for the diabetic patients, the mean insulin and insulin secretion profiles were characterized by a slow ascending trend throughout the day. Mean glucose levels rose sharply and reached higher levels than in the control subjects. The individual 12 h profiles revealed synchronous oscillations of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin secretion in the control subjects. In the diabetic patients, the number of plasma insulin and insulin secretion pulses was significantly lower; they had a smaller amplitude and were less frequently associated with the glucose pulses. However, plasma glucose levels had a similar oscillatory pattern in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects, albeit with a higher absolute amplitude. The poor association between glucose and insulin secretion pulses in the diabetic patients suggests that insulin pulses are insufficient to account for the glucose pulses. Slowness in the dynamics of insulin secretion may explain the large initial rise in glucose in the diabetic patients under continuous enteral nutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial oscillations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide in man (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 769-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Plasma glucose ; insulin ; C-peptide ; meals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles were studied in eight normal subjects, in the afternoon or in the evening. Two to five synchronous oscillations, with a mean period of 51 to 112 min were detected. The oscillations were highest after meals and were then damped, reverting to fasting levels after up to 340 min. Additional short-term oscillations, with periods of 20–30 min and 9–14 min, were observed. Cross-correlation studies of glucose and insulin and of insulin and C-peptide revealed a high correlation in the frequency bands considered. The synchronous oscillations of insulin and C-peptide suggest cyclic variations in pancreatic secretion rather than cyclic changes in insulin degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275742
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma aldosterone, renin activity, and cortisol responses to heat exposure in sodium depleted and repleted subjects (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aldosterone regulation ; Plasma electrolytes ; Rectal temperature ; Sweat loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 90-min heat exposure (46
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424467
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone and prolactin response to rehydration during exercise: effect of water and carbohydrate solutions (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 61 (1990), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Hydration ; Growth hormone ; Prolactin ; Exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of progressive rehydration with either water or a carbohydrate solution on the plasma growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) response to exercise was examined together with plasma somatostatin. Five subjects underwent four 3-h experimental sessions at 36°C in which 25-min exercise periods alternated with 5-min rest periods. The sessions were conducted without fluid replacement (DH) or under rehydration with either water or isosmotic carbohydrate solutions AISO (acid) or NISO (neutral). The fluid was given every 10 min after the 1st h of exercise. Plasma GH increased significantly (p 〈 0.01) under DH after 2 and 3 h of exercise; this increase was prevented by rehydration with water, AISO and NISO. Plasma glucose was significantly higher following AISO and NISO rehydration compared with DH. This possibly influenced the GH response, but there was no difference between plasma glucose levels under DH and water rehydration at any time. The solutions tended to attenuate the increase in heart rate, rectal temperature and plasma cortisol, suggesting that the lack of GH response under rehydration conditions is a result of decreasing physiological stress levels. The GH response could not be explained by plasma somatostatin, which tended to decline in all sessions. Plasma PRL did not increase in any of the sessions, confirming that exercise without rehydration is a more potent stimulator of GH than of PRL. It is concluded that progressive rehydration with water is sufficient to prevent the exercise-induced increase in plasma GH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236695
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological effects of dehydration and rehydration with water and acidic or neutral carbohydrate electrolyte solutions (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Temperature regulation ; Sweat rate ; Cardiovascular responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five healthy young men exercised on an ergocycle for six 25-min periods separated by 5-min rest intervals in a warm dry environment (36°C). After 1 h of exercise without fluid intake, the subjects continued to be dehydrated or were rehydrated either with water (W) or with isosmotic electrolyte carbohydrate solutions, either acidic (AISO) or close to neutrality (NISO). The average amount of the fluid ingested progressively every 10 min (120 ml) at 20°C was calculated so as to compensate for 80% of the whole body water loss due to exercise in the heat. Dehydration associated with hyperosmotic hypovolaemia elicited large increases in heart rate (HR), and in rectal temperature (T re), while no decrease was found in either whole body or local sweat rates. Rehydration with water significantly reduced the observed disturbances, except for plasma osmolality and Na+ concentration which were significantly lower than normal. With both AISO and NISO there was no plasma volume reduction and osmolality increase. Although a plasma volume expansion was induced by NISO ingestion, the cardiac cost was not improved, as reflected by the absence of a decrease in HR. With NISO, sweating was not enhanced andT re tended to remain higher. It is concluded that efficient rehydration requires the avoidance of plasma volume expansion at the expense of interstitial and intracellular rehydration. During rehydration by oral ingestion of fluid, the pH of the drink may be an important factor; its effect remains unclear, however.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839161
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the initial state of hydration on endocrine responses to exercise in the heat (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 674-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Plasma volume ; Osmolarity ; Hormones ; Exercise ; Hydration state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examines the effect of the initial state of hydration on hormone responses to prolonged exercise in the heat. Five subjects at two initial hydration levels (hypohydrated and hyperhydrated) were exposed to a 36°C environment for 3 h of intermittent exercise. During exercise, the subjects were either fluid-deprived, or rehydrated with water or an isotonic electrolyte sucrose solution (ISO). Both the stress hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, and the main fluid regulatory hormones, aldosterone, renin activity (PRA) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), were measured in blood samples taken every hour. Prior hyperhydration significantly reduced initial AVP, aldosterone and PRA levels. However, except for AVP, which responded to exercise significantly less in previously hyperhydrated subjects (p〈0.05), the initial hydration state did not influence the subsequent vascular and hormonal responses when the subjects were fluid-deprived while exercising. Concurrent rehydration, either with water or with ISO, reduced or even abolished the hormonal responses. There were no significant differences according to the initial hydration state, except for PRA responses, which were significantly lower (p〈0.01) in previously hyperhydrated subjects who also received water during exercise. These results indicate that prior hydration levels influence only slightly the hormonal responses to prolonged exercise in the heat. Progressive rehydration during exercise, especially when extra electrolytes are given, is more efficient in maintaining plasma volume and osmolarity and in reducing the hormonal responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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