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  • Chemistry  (19)
  • Aplasia  (2)
  • Aluminium absorption  (1)
  • Aluminum  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Aluminium absorption ; Hyperaluminaemia ; Antacids ; Renal failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We studied the serum aluminium levels of 30 intensive care patients receiving six daily doses of magaldrate (Riopan®) or aluminium hydroxide (Trigastril®). In both groups we found a significant rise of the serum aluminium concentration (p〈0.01) following administration of the antacid solutions. Examination on day 9 and 15 the magaldrate group showed significantly (p〈0.05) lower aluminium levels than the aluminium hydroxide group. An increase up to the critical serum aluminium level of 100 ng/ml occurred in none of the patients that all had normal or slightly impaired renal function. Therefore routine measurements of serum aluminium levels in patients without renal impairment are not considered necessary following antacid therapy. However, we recommend the use of antacids with an aluminium absorption rate as low as possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Interleukin-6 ; Aplasia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Hematopiesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be an inducer of the acute-phase response (APR) and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As blood cells of the monocyte lineage are known to be major producers of this cytokine, we wondered whether extreme peripheral leukopenia following total ablation of hematopoiesis could compromise IL-6 production during the first days after allogeneic or autologous BMT. In the absence of detectable circulating leukocytes we measured elevated IL-6 levels in six children having fever (≥38° C) of presumed infectious origin with an average of 74±60 units/ml (range 19–309 units/ml). IL-6 levels in febrile children having a normal hematopoiesis (118±254 units/ml, range 17–1213 units/ml) were not significantly higher than those found in the febrile BMT group (p〉0.05). Moreover, there was a clear association between elevated IL-6 levels and the presence of fever. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also elevated (≥1 mg/dl), whereas tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was undetectable (〈1 pg/ml). Two transplanted patients without fever during the period of total aplasia had neither detectable CRP nor IL-6, thus demonstrating that the transplant procedure itself does not induce an APR. Our data obtained during maximal leukopenia following BMT show that a functional hematopoietic system is not necessary for regular production of IL-6, which is associated with fever. Cells of nonhematopoietic origin may contribute to this production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Interleukin-6 ; Aplasia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Hematopiesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be an inducer of the acute-phase response (APR) and to be involved in the pathogenesis of several disease states, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). As blood cells of the monocyte lineage are known to be major producers of this cytokine, we wondered whether extreme peripheral leukopenia following total ablation of hematopoiesis could compromise IL-6 production during the first days after allogeneic or autologous BMT. In the absence of detectable circulating leukocytes we measured elevated IL-6 levels in six children having fever (≥38°  C) of presumed infectious origin with an average of 74±60 units/ml (range 19–309 units/ml). IL-6 levels in febrile children having a normal hematopoiesis (118±254 units/ml, range 17–1213 units/ml) were not significantly higher than those found in the febrile BMT group (p〉0.05). Moreover, there was a clear association between elevated IL-6 levels and the presence of fever. C-reactive protein (CRP) was also elevated (≥1 mg/dl), whereas tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was undetectable (〈1 pg/ml). Two transplanted patients without fever during the period of total aplasia had neither detectable CRP nor IL-6, thus demonstrating that the transplant procedure itself does not induce an APR. Our data obtained during maximal leukopenia following BMT show that a functional hematopoietic system is not necessary for regular production of IL-6, which is associated with fever. Cells of nonhematopoietic origin may contribute to this production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 424 (1976), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: On Oxopalladates of Alkali MetalsAccording to X-ray data of single crystals there are: Na2PdO2 (yellow rod-shaped crystals) orthorhombic, a = 3.077, b = 10.359, c = 8.351 Å, Z = 4; dx = 4.60, dpyk = 4.63 g · cm-3. „K2PdO3“ (black square prism) orthorhombic, a = 6.202, b = 9.219, c = 4× 11.372 = 45.48 Å, Z = 24, dx = 3.60, dpyk = 3.50 g · cm-3, and „K6PdO4“ (orange square prism) orthorhombic (pseudotetragonal), a = b = 12.368, c = 13.593 Å, Z = 8, D24 - P212121.„Rb2PdO3“ (black) is isostructural (Guinier data) to „K2PdO3“, a = 7.354, b = 9.605, c = 11.586 Å, dx = 4.58, dpyk = 4.47 g · cm-3. Na2PdO3 exists in another reddish brown form, isostructural to Li2MnO3 (C2h6 - C2/c), a = 5.374, b = 9.309, c = 10.789 Å, β = 99.5°, Z = 8, dx = 5.00, dpyk = 4.73 g · cm-3.
    Notizen: Orthorhombisch kristallisieren nach Einkristalldaten Na2PdO2 (gelbe Stäbchen), C2v12-Cmc21 oder D2h17 - Cmcm mit a = 3,077, b = 10,359, c = 8,351 Å, Z = 4, drö = 4,60 und dpyk = 4,63 g · cm-3, „K2PdO3“ (schwarze quadratische Säulen) mit a = 6,202, b = 9,219, c = 4× 11,371 = 45,48 Å, Z = 24, drö = 3,60 und dpyk = 3,50 g · cm-3 und „K6PdO4“ (orangerote quadratische Säulen) (pseudotetragonal) mit a = b = 12,368, c = 13,593 Å, Z = 8, D24 - P212121.„Rb2PdO3“ (schwarz) ist nach Guinier-Daten isotyp mit „K2PdO3“, a = 6,354, b = 9,309, c = 11,586 Å, drö = 4,58 und dpyk = 4,47 g · cm-3. Von Na2PdO3 existiert eine weitere rotbraune Form, die mit Li2MnO3 (C2h6 - C2/c) isotyp ist, a = 5,374, b = 9,309, c = 10,789 Å, β = 99,5°, Z = 8, drö = 5,00 und dpyk = 4, 73 g · cm-3.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 409 (1974), S. 60-68 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Oxopalladate Na2Pd3O4Hithertoo unknown Na2Pd3O4 was prepared. The black rod-shaped single crystals are orthorhombic, a = 3.043, b = 5.446, c = 13.175 Å, drö = 6.50 g · cm-3, dpyk = 6.43 g · cm-3, D252h-I mmm. For parameters see text.There are Pd3O4 double-layers normal to [001], which are connected with eachother by Na in a trigonal prismatic coordination. The MADELUNG part of lattice energy (MAPLE) is calculated for Na2Pd3O4 and compared with those of the binary oxids. MAPLE for a hypo-thetical form of Pd3O4 is discussed in comparison to the “isolated” double-layer Pd3O4.
    Notizen: Neu dargestellt wurde Na2Pd3O4, der erste Vertreter von Oxiden des Palladiums dieses Formeltyps. Die schwarzen stäbchenförmigen Kristalle kristallisieren orthorhombisch mit a = 3,043, b = 5,466, c = 13,175 Å, drö = 6,50 g · cm-3, dpyk = 6,43 g · cm-3 Z = 2 in D252h-I mmm; Punktlagen und Parameter vgl. Text.Es liegen Pd3O4-Doppelschichten senkrecht zu [001] vor, die durch Na in trigonalprismatischer Koordination miteinander verbunden werden. Der MADELUNQ- Anteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird für Na2Pd3O4 berechnet und mit denen der binären Oxide verglichen. Diskutiert wird ferner MAPLE für eine hypothetische Form von Pd3O4 im Vergleich MAPLE für die “isolierte” Doppelschicht Pd3O4.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 850-855 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Zur Bekämpfung der Bilharziose eignen sich einige Verbindungen mit der 5-Nitro-2-thiazolyl-Gruppierung; besonders wirksam ist 1-(5-Nitro-2-thiazolyl)-2-imidazolidinon. Die Verbindungen werden von den Schistosomen, den Erregern der Krankheit, und ihren Eiern bevorzugt aufgenommen und bewirken das Absterben von Würmern und Eiern. - In diesem Aufsatz wird außerdem ein Überblick über ältere Versuche zur Bekämpfung dieser Tropenkrankheit gegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 73 (1961), S. 15-22 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Synthese von purin-ähnlichen biheterocyclischen Ringsystemen wird beschrieben und insbesondere der Aufbau von verschieden substituierten Pyrazolo[3.4-d] pyrimidinen ausgehend von Pyrazolen oder Pyrimidinen besprochen. Synthesewege für Pyrazolo[3.4-c] pyridazine und Pyrazolo[3.4-b] pyridine ausgehend von Pyridazinen und Pyridinen und von Pyrazolo[3.4-b] pyrazinen und Pyrazolo[3.4-d] triazinen ausgehend von Pyrazolen werden angegeben. Als biheterocyclisches Ringsystem mit zwei kondensierten 6-Ringen werden die Pyrimido[4.5-d] pyrimidine erwähnt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 39 (1956), S. 1086-1095 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Der qualitative und quantitative sterische Verlauf der asymmetrischen Synthese von Atrolactinsäure aus Rlethylmagnesiumjodid und Phenylglyoxylsäureestern Iron 7 optisch aktiven Alkoholen mit nur einem asymmetrischen Kohlenstoff-Atom wurde untersucht, und es wurde gefunden, dass er im Einklang mit den früher entwickelten Anschauungen1-5 steht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 996-999 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of 4-hydrazino-benzo-1,2,3-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides is described. Chemical reactions and properties of these compounds are discussed. Some of the derivatives show hypotensive as well as diuretic activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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