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  • Amino acids  (2)
  • Anguilla australis  (1)
  • Antimalarial drugs  (1)
  • Bone marrow culture  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid responsive cyclical neutropenia (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 48 (1984), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Cyclical neutropenia ; Prednisolone ; Remission ; Bone marrow culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 19-year old girl with severe cyclical neutropenia associated with life-threatening infection and who responded dramatically to the administration of oral prednisolone is described. During reduction and eventual cessation of steroid therapy normal or near normal neutrophil counts have been maintained, and there has been parallel improvement in clinical well-being. Prior to therapy and at a time of peak blood neutrophil count low numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) were found in the patient's bone marrow, and her lymphocytes co-cultured with normal marrow failed to show the inhibitory effect normally seen with normal lymphocytes. The findings in this patient are compared with those in the two other cases where cyclical neutropenia has been shown to respond to steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320338
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acids and the kidney (1991)
    Springer
    Amino acids 1 (1991), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Kidney ; Nutrition ; Phenylalanine ; Tyrosine ; Uraemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kidney has an important role in the metabolism of amino acids and control of plasma concentrations. Reabsorption by the tubules recovers about 70g/day of amino acids, derived from both the diet and metabolism in other tissues. Amino acids regulate haemodynamics and proteolysis and maintain integrity of the kidney. Abnormal plasma and muscle amino acid profiles in chronic renal failure (i.e. low essentials and tyrosine with high nonessentials) first indicated malnutrition, which can be partially corrected by supplementation. The loss of effective kidney tissue and uraemia, in addition to nutrition, have been considered in studies of phenylalanine hydroxylation used to investigate low tyrosine. Investigations in normal kidney have shown that glutamine uptake maintains acid-base homeostasis, glycine and citrulline are removed, and serine and arginine are released into the circulation. These metabolic processes are impaired in chronic renal failure. Uraemia affects most tissues and causes malnutrition, whilst acidosis activates catabolism of amino acids and proteins in muscle. Hyperinsulinaemia probably depresses plasma branchedchain amino acids and particularly valine. These abnormalities are less likely to respond to dietary supplementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806915
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    D-Amino acids in chronic renal failure and the effects of dialysis and urinary losses (1994)
    Springer
    Amino acids 6 (1994), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Chronic renal failure ; Plasma ; Urine ; D-amino acids ; CAPD ; D-Tyrosine ; D-Phenylalanine ; Haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Total D-amino acids were measured in plasma for 20 non-dialysed patients (creatinine clearance 〈 12 ml/minute), 20 on CAPD, 20 on haemodialysis and 20 normals. Plasma D-tyrosine and D-phenylalanine were measured in 8 of each group by HPLC. Total D-amino acids, D-tyrosine and D-phenylalanine were significantly greater for patients than normals. D-amino acids and D-tyrosine correlated with creatinine and were decreased during HD. During dialysis, the mean losses for D-tyrosine and D-phenylalanine were similar, about 0.2 mg/CAPD exchange and 3 mg/4 hour haemodialysis (i.e. 2% of the total amino acid, as in plasma). Clearance was unaffected by stereochemical configuration. Urinary losses/24 hour in the non-dialysed patients were 0.35 mg D-tyrosine and 0.25 mg D-phenylalanine. Clearance for D-phenylalanine was greater than for the L-enantiomer. Increases in D-amino acids in renal failure are probably due to depletion of D-amino acid oxidase, but may be enhanced by a D-amino acid rich diet, peptide antibiotics and D-amino acid oxidase inhibiting drugs and metabolites. Possible toxic effects need further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813748
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gonad histology and plasma steroid profiles in wild New Zealand freshwater eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis) before and at the onset of the natural spawning migration. II. Males (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: spawning migration ; spermatogenesis ; freshwater eels (Teleostei) ; Anguilla dieffenbachii ; Anguilla australis ; male ; histology ; steroid profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immature and maturing male New Zealand freshwater eels, the shortfinned Anguilla australis and the longfinned A. dieffenbachii, were caught from the wild to obtain data on the natural reproductive physiology of these fish. Plasma samples were analysed for steroid hormones by radioimmunoassay and values related to the developmental stage of the testes. Our histological observations on testes largely confirmed those reported previously. Thus, the gonad of non-migrating eels often appeared undifferentiated or poorly developed, containing only type A or early type B spermatogonia. In contrast, the testes of migrating shortfins were in early spermatogenesis as evidenced by the presence of late type B spermatogonia. Similarly, early spermatogenic stages were common in migratory longfins, but eels in midspermatogenesis (all germ cell stages present) were also encountered. Unlike a previous study, patches of testicular regression were commonly seen in migrants of both species. Levels of several androgens, androstenedione (AD), testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone (KT), were elevated in migrants compared to non-migrants. AD was higher in early to midspermatogenic A. dieffenbachii (0.63 ng ml−1) than in A. australis (0.25 ng ml−1) in the spermatogonial proliferation stage, while the inverse was observed for KT (27.78 ng ml−1 and 50.52 ng ml−1, respectively). Levels of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were nearly undetectable (less than 0.12 ng ml−1) in all animals. Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations in fyke-caught eels were elevated to a greater extent in non-migrants (up to 1.92 ng ml−1) than in migrants (around 0.5 ng ml−1), and correlated well with levels of cortisol in all groups. Histological results are compared to previous studies and the presence of regression in the testes is discussed. In addition, the role of steroid hormones, in particular AD and KT, in reproduction and stress is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007767330225
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arteether-induced brain injury in Macaca mulatta. I. The precerebellar nuclei: the lateral reticular nuclei, paramedian reticular nuclei, and perihypoglossal nuclei (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 383-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Lateral reticular nuclei ; Paramedian reticular nuclei ; Perihypoglossal nuclei ; Malaria ; Arteether ; Artemisinin ; Neurotoxicity ; Rhesus monkey ; Antimalarial drugs ; Cerebral malaria ; Macaca mulatta ; Plasmodium falciparum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Malaria poses a threat across several continents: Eurasia (Asia and parts of Eastern Europe), Africa, Central and South America. Bradley (1991) estimates human exposure at 2,073,000,000 with infection rates at 270,000,000, illnesses at 110,000,000, and deaths at 1,000,000. Significant mortality rates are attributed to infection by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, with an estimated 90% among African children. A worldwide effort is ongoing to chemically and pharmacologically characterize a class of artemisinin compounds that might be promising antimalarial drugs. The U.S. Army is studying the efficacy and toxicity of several artemisinin semi-synthetic compounds: arteether, artemether, artelinic acid, and artesunate. The World Health Organization and the U.S. Army selected arteether for drug development and possible use in the emergency therapy of acute, severe malaria. Male Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were administered different daily doses of arteether, or the vehicle alone (sesame oil), for a period of either 14 days, or 7 days. Neuropathological lesions were found in 14-day arteether treated monkeys in the precerebellar nuclei of the medulla oblongata, namely: (1) the lateral reticular nuclei (subnuclei magnocellularis, parvicellularis, and subtrigeminalis), (2) the paramedian reticular nuclei (subnuclei accessorius, dorsalis, and ventralis), and the perihypoglossal nuclei (n. intercalatus of Staderini, n. of Roller, and n. prepositus hypoglossi). The data demonstrate that the simian medullary precerebellar nuclei have a high degree of vulnerability when arteether is given for 14 days at dose levels between 8 mg/kg per day and 24 mg/kg per day. The neurological consequences of this treatment regimen could profoundly impair posture, gait, and autonomic regulation, while eye movement disorders might also be anticipated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050326
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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