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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Guillain-Barré-Syndrom ; N.-suralis-Biospie ; EMG ; Key words Guillain-Barré syndrome ; N. suralis biopsy ; EMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We report three patients with severe Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). On clinical examination, no sensory deficit was elicited. Electromyography (EMG) and motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies were indicative of an axonal lesion. In two patients, we found total peripheral conduction block without volitional EMG activity. Sensory NCV and cortical median nerve evoked potentials remained normal. Sural nerve biopsy revealed unequivocal alterations of sensory nerve fibers, some in the form of primary demyelination. Therefore, these cases must bei classified as combined motor-sensory syndromes despite the clinical and electrophysiological findings. Although total denervation of the extremity muscles occurred, causing tetraparalysis, this manifestation appears to be attributable to the secondary axonal variant. In contrast to positive reports in literature, immunomodulatory treatment proved ineffective in all three cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir beobachteten 3 Patientinnen mit schwer verlaufendem Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (GBS). Bei klinischer Untersuchung waren keine sensiblen Störungen zu eruieren. EMG und motorische Elektroneurographie sprachen für eine axonale Läsion. Bei 2 Patientinnen bestand ein kompletter Leitungsblock motorischer Fasern, dabei war im EMG keine Willküraktivität nachweisbar. Sensible Nervenleitgeschwindigkeiten und kortikale Medianus-SEP blieben auch im Verlauf unauffällig. Die Biopsie des N. suralis konnte aber jeweils eine eindeutige leichte Beteiligung sensibler Nervenfasern, z. T. in Form von primärer Demyelinisierung, belegen. Somit handelt es sich bei diesen Fällen trotz der klinischen und elektrophysiologischen Befunde um gemischt motorisch-sensible Läsionen. Obwohl es im Verlauf zu einer kompletten Denervierung der Extremitätenmuskulatur mit Tetraparalyse kam, sind sie offenbar eher einer sekundär axonalen Variante zuzurechnen. Im Gegensatz zu positiven Literaturberichten blieb die immunmodulierende Therapie in allen 3 Fällen wirkungslos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epilepsie ; Klassifikation ; Anfälle ; Key words Epilepsy ; Seizure ; Classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent advances in epileptology and epilepsy surgery require revision of the currently used International Classification of Epileptic Seizures, which was published 1981. We present a classification of epileptic seizures which is based purely on the clinical seizure semiology. The advantages of a semiological seizure classification are stressed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wird zunehmend diskutiert, daß die 1981 vorgestellte Klassifikation epileptischer Anfälle der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie revisionsbedürftig ist. Insbesondere von epilepsiechirurgisch tätigen Zentren wurden Verbesserungsvorschläge gemacht. Die hier vorgestellte semiologische Anfallsklassifikation basiert ausschließlich auf der klinischen Anfallssemiologie und bietet theroetische und praktische Vorteile, die im einzelnen erläutert werden. Sie soll als Diskussionsgrundlage dafür dienen, neue Aspekte in die Klassifikation epileptischer Anfälle einzuführen, die praktische Konsequenzen für die Diagnostik und Behandlung der Patienten haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Drought tolerance ; Genetic mapping ; Gene interaction ; Marker-assisted selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Stay green in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is characterized by the plant’s ability to tolerate post-flowering drought stress, thereby delaying the premature leaf and plant death. It contributes to normal grain filling and reduces the incidence of stalk lodging and charcoal rot disease during the late stages of grain development. Breeding for improving post-flowering drought tolerance in sorghum hybrids remains an important objective of sorghum breeders. Since evaluation of the stay green response is difficult and unreliable under field conditions, due to the timing and intensity of moisture stress and large environmental interaction, progress in improving drought tolerance by conventional breeding methods has been slow. The objective of the present study was to determine the consistency of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling stay green in sorghum. We re-evaluated the Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL)-mapping population from the cross B35 x Tx7000 in two locations over 2 years and compared it with earlier reports. Analysis using the combined stay green-rating means of seven environments and the expanded molecular map reconfirmed all four stay green QTLs (Stg1, Stg2, Stg3 and Stg4) that were identified earlier by Xu et al. (2000). Similarly, comparison of the stay green QTL locations with earlier reported results indicated that all four stay green QTLs showed consistency across different genetic backgrounds. Examination of the stay green QTL profiles of the best and poorest stay-green lines indicated that three stay green QTLs, Stg1, Stg2 and Stg3, appear to be important for the expression of this trait when the percent phenotypic variation, and the consistency in different backgrounds and different environments, are considered. A significant epistatic interaction involving Stg2 and a region on linkage group C was also identified for the stay green and chlorophyll content. We concluded that Stg2 is the most important QTL controlling stay green, explaining the maximum amount of phenotypic variation. This report further strengthens our view to target the Stg2 QTL region for gene discovery in order to improve the basic understanding of the stay green phenomenon, which might be helpful in manipulating this trait not only in sorghum but also in other cereal crop species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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