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  • Histamine  (7)
  • Obstructive airway diseases  (3)
  • Arterial blood gases  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Möglichkeiten zur Beurteilung chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen mit Hilfe von Analysen im Bronchialschleim (1973)
    Springer
    Lung 148 (1973), S. 141-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Sptum analyses ; Obstructive airway diseases ; Immunglobulins ; Proteolytic ferments ; Ferment inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Sputum von Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen werden unter anderem Immunglobuline, vor allem IGA sowie proteolytische Fermente und deren Inhibitoren gefunden. Bei 8 Patienten wurde im Vergleich mit dem klinischen Verlauf untersucht, ob bei täglicher Analyse dieser Parameter Rückschlüsse auf das Krankheitsbild gezogen werden können. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben eine Zunahme des IGA-Spiegels im Sputum unter der Therapie mit Glucocorticoiden und Antibiotica bei großen täglichen Schwankungen. Die proteolytische Fermentaktivität veränderte sich nur wenig unter der Behandlung. Alpha1-Antitrypsin, als wichtigster Proteasehemmer des Organismus, spielt in der Lunge eine untergeordnete Rolle, er imponiert eher als Ausdruck der Entzündung. Sputumeigene Fermentinhibitoren scheinen bei der Inaktivierung der Proteasen im Bronchialraum in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen zur Verfügung zu stehen. Bei allen Patienten schwankten die Meßwerte erheblich bei den täglichen Untersuchungen.
    Notes: Abstract The sputa of patients affected with chronic obstructive airway diseases contains among other things, immunoglobulins, mainly IGA as well as proteolytic ferments and inhibitors of them. We analyzed these parameters daily in 8 patients and compared the values with the clinical course of the disease to see whether the values measured allowed any conclusions on the clinical picture. Our investigations showed a rise in the IGA-level in the sputa during the administration of glucocorticoids and antibiotics but with large daily variations. Proteolytic ferment activity showed only minor alterations during this treatment. Alpha1-antitrypsin, the most important protease inhibitor in the organism, is of less importance for the lungs and is more important as a sign of inflammation. Ferment inhibitors intrinsic to the sputum seem to be available in varying concentrations in the bronchial space during inactivation of the proteases. The values measured at the daily examinations varied considerably in all patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107825
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of exogenous and endogenous histamine on the respiratory system (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 991-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histamine ; Obstructive air way disease (OAD) ; Oversensitive bronchial system ; Histamine receptors ; Histamin ; Bronchokonstriktion ; überempfindliches Bronchialsystem ; Histamin-Rezeptoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es besteht eine statistisch strenge Korrelation zwischen dem Anstieg der Histaminkonzentration im arteriellen Plasma und dem Anstieg der Strömungswiderstände in den Atemwegen bei experimentell verursachter allergischer Atemwegsobstruktion. Das Histamin wird an sensorischen Rezeptoren im Sinne einer Reflexbronchokonstriktion wirksam. Histamin verursacht in geringen Konzentrationen im Bronchialsystem eine unspezifische Empfindlichkeitssteigerung. Diese kann auch durch Allergene in sehr geringer Konzentration hervorgerufen werden. Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Bronchitis haben hohe Histamin-Konzentrationen im Sputum. Durch Waschungen der inneren Oberfläche des Bronchialbaums lassen sich hohe Histamin-Konzentrationen in der Spülflüssigkeit nachweisen. Die Gabe gleicher Histamin-Konzentrationen intravenös verursacht Bronchokonstriktion. Es ist anzunehmen, daß Histamin-Rezeptoren nahe der Oberfläche der Bronchialschleimhaut vorhanden sind. Ebenso müssen in der Oberfläche oder auf der Oberfläche der Bronchialschleimhaut Mastzellen vorhanden sein.
    Notes: Summary There is a statistically strong correlation between the increase of the histamine concentration in the arterial plasma and the increase of airway resistance. The histamine causes a reflex bronchoconstriction on the sensory receptors. Histamine in low concentration increases the unspecific reaction in the bronchial system. This can also be achieved using low concentrations of allergen aerosols. Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis show high concentrations of histamine in the sputum. The bronchoconstrictive potency of this histamine was found to be not always active. Higher concentrations of histamine can be liberated by washing the inner surface of the bronchial tree. Histamine injected in similar concentrations as that measured in the sputum causes bronchoconstriction. There should be high concentrations of histamine receptors as well as mast cells near the surface of the mucosa of the bronchial wall. There are many questions remaining open, which will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local release of histamine, prostaglandin F2α and thromboxane B2 into the tracheal lumen and its influence on airways reactivity (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histamine ; Prostaglandin F2α ; Thromboxane B2 ; Mediator release ; Airways reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage with ascaris extract (AE) on airway response to acetylcholine (ACH) and histamine (Hi) was investigated in a series of 24 dogs. AE administered to a restricted area of the trachea resulted in a release of various mediators such as Hi, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α, measured as the metabolite 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) into the tracheal lumen. This differed from H2O administration which resulted in no increased release of these mediators. The relatively small concentrations of these substances measured in arterial plasma argue for the role of these mediators on a local basis. On the other hand, tracheal lavage with allergen induced changes in airway response to ACH and Hi aerosols which was not observed after tracheal lavage with water. An interaction between this allergen-induced mediator release into the trachea and peripheral airways reactivity could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716448
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of vagus nerve on histamine- and acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction (experiments on cats) (1986)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 186 (1986), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Bronchoconstriction ; Direct action on bronchial muscle ; Histamine ; Acetylcholine ; Vagotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During administration of highly concentrated acetyclcholine and histamine aerosol (20–40 min), different effects on tidal volume, respiratory rate, and bronchial tone could be demonstrated. Inhalation after vagotomy neither showed changes in respiratory rate nor in tidal volume. These results point out the importance of the nervus vagus in case of bronchoconstriction caused by mediators. It is discussed to which degree vagus activity is required for the direct effect of different mediators in living animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851831
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release into cracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Tracheal lavage ; Pronase ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage in a restricted area, with a proteolytic enzyme (Pronase) on the bronchial response to challenge with ACH and AE was studied in 15 dogs. Histamine concentrations measured in the tracheal liquid after lavage with Pronase were smaller than the values after tracheal lavage with allergen. Airway response to ACH inhalation was significantly increased after tracheal lavage with Pronase. Effects of proteolytic enzymes and allergens on the tracheal wall are compared. Allergens and proteolytic enzymes evidence a different mode of action in increasing reactivity of peripheral airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851122
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release into tracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 183 (1983), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Histamine ; Bronchospastic response ; Acetylcholine ; Tracheal lavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tracheal lavage with histamine, and of i.v. administration of histamine on bronchospastic response was studied in 16 dogs. Airway response to acetylcholine inhalation was significantly increased after tracheal lavage with high concentrated histamine solution (1%). No influence on airway response was found after (1) tracheal lavage with lower concentrations of histamine and (2) its i.v. administration. The clinical importance of these manifestations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851764
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterielle Plasma-Histaminkonzentration unter Allergen- und Acetylcholinkonzentration vor und nach Vagotomie (1980)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 178 (1980), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Histamine concentration of arterial plasma ; Acetylcholine ; Ascaris extract inhalation ; Vagotomy ; Arterial blood gases ; Arterielle Plasma-Histaminkonzentration ; Acetylcholin ; Ascaris Extrakt-Inhalation ; Vagotomie ; arterielle Blutgase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung A. E.-Inhalation, in viel geringerem Ausmaß Acetylcholin-Inhalationen, bewirken einen Anstieg der arteriellen Plasma-Histaminkonzentration. Ebenfalls steigt Edyn signifikant an. Unter Acetylcholin ist der Edyn-Anstieg im Verhältnis zu den arteriellen Plasma-Histaminkonzentrationen ungleich stärker als unter Ascaris Extrakt. Nach bilateraler Vagusdurchtrennung kann unter Ascaris Extrakt sowie unter Acetylcholin nur noch ein minimaler Anstieg von Edyn gemessen werden, obwohl die Anstiege der arteriellen Plasma-Histaminkonzentration zumindest ebenso stark sind wie vor der Vagusdurchtrennung. Vagusdurchtrennung hat auf die Histaminfreisetzung keinen hemmenden Einfluß. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Annahme, daß sowohl Ascaris Extrakt als auch Acetylcholin über einen Reflexmechanismus, der über den N. vagus geleitet wird, an den sensorischen Rezeptoren des Reflexbogens wirksam werden. Der arterielle Sauerstoffdruck sinkt mit Anstieg von Edyn ab. Aber auch nach Vagotomie sinkt der Sauerstoffdruck erheblich ab, obwohl kaum Veränderungen von Edyn eintreten. Es wird ein direkter Effekt der bronchokonstriktorischen Substanz auf die wenig vaguskontrollierten peripheren Atemwege angenommen. Die peripheren Atemwege sind vorwiegend für die Blutgasveränderungen entscheidend, die zentraleren vorwiegend für die Strömungswiderstände.
    Notes: Summary In allergic dogs ascaris extract (A. E.) inhalation and, to a less extent, acetylcholine inhalation cause a significant increase in the histamine concentration in the arterial plasma. A. E. and acetylcholine cause a similarly strong increase in Edyn. After bilateral vagotomy A. E. and acetylcholine inhalation entail only a minimal increase in Edyn. The increase in the arterial plasma histamine concentration is as strong as before vagotomy. The results support the assumption that both A. E. and acetylcholine act on the sensory receptors of the reflexway via a reflex mechanism. PO2a decreases as Edyn increases. However, after vagotomy PO2a still decreases significantly although Edyn changes hardly. A. E. and acetylcholine are assumed to have a direct effect on the non-vagus controlled peripheral airways. The peripheral airways are mainly responsible for changes in the arterial blood gases but show no effect on Edyn or airway resistance measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01856755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of vagus nerves and inhalative aerosols of acetylcholine and histamine on dynamic pulmonary elastance in anesthetized spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated dog (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Vagus ; Bronchoconstriction ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine ; Artificial ventilation ; Spontaneous breathing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the vagus nerves on resting respiratory resistance (R1) and dynamic lung elastance (Edyn) and the mechanism of action of inhaled aerosol of histamine (Hist) and acetylcholine (ACH) were studied in anesthetized spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated dogs. Observations were also extended to study the effect of electrical stimuli to cut ends of both vagi alone and during inhalation of aerosols. Bilateral cervical vagal blockade by local application of novocaine solution (2.5%) or bilateral vagotomy reduced resting R1 and Edyn and prevented increase of these parameters following inhalation of aerosols of Hist or ACH in spontaneously breathing dogs. However, the similar vagal blockade or vagotomy in artificially ventilated animals showed neither an influence on resting R1 and Edyn nor could it prevent their increase following the exposure to aerosol of Hist or ACH. Electrical stimuli to the peripheral cut ends of vagi induced slight increase in R1 and Edyn, but the effect on heart rate and systemic blood pressure was very strong. The combined effects of aerosol of Hist or ACH and electrical stimuli were additive. It is concluded that inhalation of aerosol of Hist or ACH produced two kinds of effects on respiration: (1) Increased respiratory rates with reduced tidal volume and with bronchoconstriction which were vagusdependent (spontaneous breathing model), and (2) bronchoconstriction which was a direct response of smooth muscle without involving a reflex (artificial ventilation model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851186
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergeninduzierte Atemwegsobstruktion und Histaminkonzentration im arteriellen wie venösen Plasma (1980)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 177 (1980), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Allergic airway obstruction ; Plasma histamine concentration ; Systemic blood pressure ; Arterial blood gases ; Atemwegsallergie ; Plasma-Histaminkonzentration ; Systemblutdruck, arterielle Blutgase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 19 gegen Ascaris-suum-Extrakt-Aerosol inhalativ allergischen Hunden werden die dynamischen Elastance, die arteriellen Plasma-Histaminspiegel, sowie bei 6 Tieren auch die venösen Plasma-Histaminspiegel, der Systemblutdruck und die arteriellen Blutgase während und nach der Allergeninhalation gemessen. Unter Ascaris-Extrakt-Inhalation steigen die Histaminkonzentrationen im arteriellen und venösen Blut signifikant an. Die venösen Plasma-Histaminspiegel liegen bei 61% der arteriellen. Trotz ähnlicher arterieller Plasma-Histaminspiegel werden sehr unterschiedliche Erhöhungen von Edyn gemessen, was als Ausdruck „unterschiedlicher Empfindlichkeit“ des bronchokonstriktorischen Systems gedeutet wird. Das freigesetzte Histamin stammt aus dem broncho-pulmonalen System (Mastzellen), wobei es vorwiegend reflexbronchokonstriktorisch an den sensorischen Rezeptoren des Reflexbogens wirksam wird. Der arterielle Sauerstoffdruck sinkt in Abhängigkeit vom Edyn-Anstieg ab. Der Systemblutdruck sinkt in Abhängigkeit von der arteriellen Plasma-Histaminkonzentration, wobei das Absinken im allgemeinen, trotz erheblicher Atemwegsobstruktion, relativ geringgradig ist.
    Notes: Summary In 19 dogs sensitized against Ascaris suum extract we measured dynamic elastance, arterial plasma histamine concentration, pressure in the A. femoralis, and arterial blood gases. In six dogs the venous plasma histamine concentration was also analyzed. Ascaris extract (A.E.) inhalation increased both the arterial and the venous plasma histamine concentration significantly. The venous concentration was 61% of that detected in the arterial blood. At the same arterial plasma histamine level a large variety of dynamic elastance was measured which shows great individual differences in the sensitivity of the bronchoconstrictive system. This histamine released by the bronchopulmonary system works mostly via reflex bronchoconstriction. There was significant correlation between dynamic elastance and arterial oxygen pressure as well as between arterial plasma histamine concentration and systemic blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851837
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects on the lung function of exposure to carbon black dusts Results of a study carried out on 677 members of staff of the DEGUSSA factory in Kalscheuren/Germany (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 478-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Carbon black dust exposure ; Lung function testing ; Obstructive airway diseases ; Confounding variables ; Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spirometry, full-bodyplethysmography, and inhalation challenge tests are the most frequently used methods for lung function testing. In all, 677 examinations were performed among exposed employees at the Degussa carbon black plant in Kalscheuren/Germany using the above mentioned methods, in order to detect whether there is a measurable impact of carbon black fine dust on pulmonary function, or a higher prevalence of obstructive air-way diseases among the study candidates, and whether fine dust exposure is related to the prevalence of bronchial hyperresposiveness. Within the smokers' group carbon black dust exposure reveals a (minimal) impact upon the lung function of the study subjects. However, the impact of fine dust exposure within that group is less significant than the influence of smoking on pulmonary function. Nevertheless, smokers are displaying significant more frequently signs of obstructive airway diseases compared with nonsmokers. In the smokers' group we found 7.3% of study subjects with signs of obstructive airway diseases compared with 3.9% in the group of nonsmokers. No significant impact of fine dust exposure on lung function could be detected within former-and nonsmokers. The overall percentage of 5.1 % is not higher than that of subjects with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in other comparable studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377873
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