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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ascites ; Liver cirrhosis ; Plasminogen ; Antiproteases ; Fibrinolysis ; Dexamethasone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibrinolysis induced by the infusion of plasminogen activators into the circulation has been shown to cause coagulation disorders in ascites retransfusion. Dexamethasone is known to inhibit the synthesis of plasminogen activators by peritoneal macrophages. We therefore assessed its potential in preventing the occurrence of fibrinolysis by injecting 16 mg dexamethasone intraperitoneally in 10 patients 24 h before ascites retransfusion was performed. In addition, the effect of dexamethasone upon the activity or concentration of several proteases and antiproteases related to coagulation in plasma and ascites was analyzed on 15 occasions. An increase of the activity of plasminogen, α2-antiplasmin, and antithrombin III, and in the concentration of α1-protease inhibitor in ascites was induced by the dexamethasone injection. However, the reaction was not identical in all patients. Those patients having an increase of plasminogen activities of 0.6 CTA U/ml or more did not show signs of fibrinolysis during retransfusion. The results obtained indicate that intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone decreases the concentration of plasminogen activators in ascites and thereby reduces the risk of coagulation disorders during retransfusion procedures. Since the effect is variable and not sustained, assessment of preoperative plasminogen concentrations is mandatory in order to prevent complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasminogen ; Fibronectin ; Antiproteases ; Ascites ; Liver cirrhosis ; Tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concentrations of several proteases and antiproteases known to be present in ascites were tested in plasma and ascitic fluid with regard to their ability to separate ascites according to malignant or nonmalignant disease. Seventeen patients with proven malignant ascites and 37 with ascites due to liver cirrhosis were included. Activities of plasminogen,α 2-antiplasmin, antithrombin-III, and factor V, and the concentration ofα 1-protease inhibitor were significantly higher in the plasma of patients with malignant ascites than in cirrhotic patients. Fibronectin, plasminogen,α 2-macroglobulin,α 1-protease inhibitor, antithrombin-III, and albumin revealed higher concentrations or activities in malignant ascites than in cirrhotic ascites. Due to a wide variation of most parameters, only fibronectin, antithrombin III, andα 1-protease inhibitor in ascites had a sensitivity and specificity higher than 90% for malignant ascites. When the specific protein/albumin ratio was used, only the accuracy of fibronectin was increased reaching a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The plasma/ascites gradients of the proteins assessed differed significantly, that of fibronectin being much higher (22±7) than that of all other proteins. In malignant ascites fibronectin concentration was only correlated withα 1-protease inhibitor concentration but not with the concentration or activity of all other proteins, while in cirrhotic ascites most proteins revealed a positive correlation. The determination of the fibronectin concentration or the fibronectin/albumin ratio in ascites can differentiate malignant and nonmalignant ascites. All other proteases and antiproteases assessed are of lesser value for this purpose, although most are significantly increased in ascites and plasma of patients with malignant disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ascites ; Liver cirrhosis ; Xipamide ; Spironolactone ; Furosemide ; Resistance to diuretics ; Fractional sodium excretion ; Side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomized prospective study the efficacy and side effects of xipamide versus the combination spironolactone/furosemide in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites were studied. Out of 27 patients four responded to a basic treatment consisting of salt and water restriction and one had to be excluded because of deterioration of kidney function. The remaining 22 patients were randomized to additional treatment with either 20 mg xipamide/day (group I) or 200 mg spironolactone/ day combined with 40 mg of furosemide every other day (group II). A response to treatment during the first 4 days was seen in 7 of 11 patients of group I versus only 3 of 11 patients in group II. In the latter group 7 of 11 patients finally responded after 8 days of treatment. Responsiveness to either diuretic treatment strongly depended on pretreatment fractional Na excretion, FENa. The resistance to diuretic treatment can be predicted by a FENa〈0.2%, and could be overcome by additional strategies known to reduce avid proximal Na reabsorption. Xipamide frequently induced hypokalemia, whereas hyperkalemia was seen following treatment with spironolactone/furosemide. Kidney function remained stable during either diuretic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cholestasis ; Bile salt enzyme interaction ; Enzyme inhibition ; Enzyme alteration ; Cholestase ; Gallensalz-Enzym-Wechselwirkung ; Enzyminhibition ; Enzym-Strukturveränderung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gallensäuren und Zellbestandteilen sind im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen zur Cholestase von erheblicher Bedeutung. Schwerpunkte sind dabei die Wirkungen der verschiedenen Gallensäuren auf die Struktur von Lipiden und Proteinen. Die Wechselwirkungen mit Lipiden sind in erster Linie wegen der damit verbundenen Störung der Membranstruktur von Bedeutung, die den Zellstoffwechsel durch Aufhebung der Kompartimentierung in Unordnung bringen kann. Durch Wechselwirkungen mit Proteinen können Konformationsänderungen eintreten, die spezifische Funktionsleistungen in Mitleidenschaft ziehen. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind dabei Enzyme, da sie entscheidende Funktionsträger zellulärer Prozesse darstellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher die Wirkung verschiedener Gallensäuren auf die Aktivität von Schlüsselenzymen der Leber untersucht. In kinetischen Tests wurden Enzymaktivitäten geprüft, mit elektrophoretischen Verfahren strukturelle Veränderungen an den Enzymen. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß bereits weit niedrigere Gallensäurekonzentrationen als sie in der Gallenflüssigkeit vorkommen, bei gewissen Enzymen zu einem vollständigen Aktivitätsverlust führen. Es ist auffällig, wie unterschiedlich empfindlich verschiedene Enzyme auf die Anwesenheit von Gallensäuren reagieren. Die verschiedenen Gallensäuren zeigen je nach Hydroxylierungsgrad charakteristische Unterschiede in ihrer Hemmwirkung auf Enzymaktivitäten. Eine Beteiligung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Gallensäuren und Enzymen bei der Ätiologie und Pathogenese der cholestatischen Leberveränderungen erscheint aufgrund der hier ermittelten Resultate möglich
    Notes: Summary Interactions between bile salts and cellular constituents are of considerable significance in studies on cholestasis. The main points of interest are the effects of the various bile salts on lipid and protein structures. Of primary interst are the interactions with lipids since these can cause disorder in cellular metabolism by eliminating compartmentalization. Conformational changes of proteins can occur through interactions with bile salts. They can involve specific functions. Of special importance here are the enzymes, since these are decisive supportive agents in cellular processes. In this paper, the effect of various bile salts on the activity of key hepatic enzymes was studied. In addition to the kinetic tests for enzyme activity, structural changes of the enzymes were studied as well using electrophoretic techniques. It could be shown that even much lower bile salt concentrations than those which occur in bile can lead to a complete inhibition of activity. The varying sensitivities of different enzymes when they react in the presence of bile salts is striking. According to the degree of hydroxylation, the various bile salts show characteristic differences in inhibitory effect on enzymatic activity. On the basis of the results reported here, it is quite possible that the interaction between bile salts and enzymes is a participating factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of cholestatic hepatic changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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