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  • General Chemistry  (128)
  • Organic Chemistry  (12)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (6)
  • Lepidoptera  (3)
  • Tardive dyskinesia  (3)
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Material
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tardive dyskinesia and psychotropic drug history (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 58 (1978), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia ; Neuroleptics ; Dosage ; Sex ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The adult population of a large mental hospital was screened for tardive dyskinesia (TD). Approximately 11% of the hospital population showed signs of TD; females and the elderly were over-represented in the TD group. A representative sample of those with TD was selected and a control (non-TD) patient was chosen to match each of the TD subjects in age, sex, length of hospitalization, diagnosis, and race. The charts of these subjects were searched for any indices of brain damage and the complete psychotropic medication history was recorded. There was no difference between the TD and controls in the amount of psychotropics ingested, in the duration of administration, in the kinds of drugs, or in the organicity history. Women as a group, however, tended to have more polypharmacy than men. The role of neuroleptics in TD is discussed as well as other possible etiological factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426893
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clozapine in tardive dyskinesia (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 56 (1978), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Clozapine ; Schizophrenia ; Tardive dyskinesia ; Parkinsonism ; Neutropenia ; Convulsions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clozapine, which has had limited clinical testing in the U.S.A., was evaluated in 12 chronic schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia. Its antipsychotic activity was again demonstrated and it suppressed the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia with a marked rebound occurring in these symptoms when it was withdrawn; there was no rigidity or other Parkinsonian symptoms. However, out of a total of 12 patients, neutropenia (800 and 1120) occurred in two patients, convulsions in one patient, marked withdrawal effects in three patients, and a hypotensive collapse with atrial fibrillation in one patient. If these adverse effects are confirmed in a larger sample size, then despite the novel desirable effects of clozapine it would seem unlikely that it will gain widespread or routine use1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deanol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 52 (1977), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia ; Deanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten hospitalized chronic psychotic patients with symptoms of tardive dyskinesia were given deanol and placebo, each for 8 weeks following a double blind, crossover design. No psychotropic agents were administered during the trial. Improvement occurred in all patients during the first treatment phase regardless of which drug the patients received; seven patients were on deanol and three on placebo during this time. The possible reasons for this decrease were discussed. It was concluded that deanol may have contributed to the decline but that its effect on the disorder was not dramatic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426709
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of pungenin, a foliar constituent of some spruce species, and investigation of its efficacy as a feeding deterrent for spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Picea pungens ; Picea glauca ; feeding deterrent ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pungenin ; protection of OH groups ; glucoside ; phenolic glucoside
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pungenin was synthesized from 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone by a short sequence involving manipulation of protecting groups on the 3 and 4 hydroxyl functions. Bioassays indicated that the glucoside is a modest feeding deterrent for sixth-instar spruce budworm larvae, but it does not appear to retard the development of small larvae or lead to increased mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichothecene mycotoxins produced byFusarium sporotrichioides daom 197255 and their effects on spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1605-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichothecenes ; sesquiterpines ; Fusarium sporotrichioides ; fungal toxins ; insecticidal activity ; fungal pathogen ; Paecilomyces farinosus ; spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Trichothecene mycotoxins were produced byFusarium sporotrichioides DAOM 197255 isolated from a spruce budworm cadaver. An extract from the culture filtrate containing these metabolites was toxic to budworm when ingested at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in diet, and survivors were predisposed to infection with a fungal entomopathogen. The possible role of these metabolites in the balsam fir-spruce budworm habitat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014093
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enniatins fromFusarium avenaceum isolated from balsam fir foliage and their toxicity to spruce budworm larvae,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 753-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enniatins ; cyclodepsipeptides ; Fusarium avenaceum ; Abies balsamea ; balsam fir ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; spruce budworm ; insecticide ; toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Material extracted from hyphae ofFusarium avenaceum, isolated from foliage of balsam fir,Abies balsamea, was toxic to spruce budworm larvae when incorporated into insect diet. The major insecticidal component of the toxic fraction was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as enniatin complex, rich in enniatin A/A1. Possible ecological implications of these observations are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018770
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational Analysis of Didemnins. A multidisciplinary approach by means of X-Ray, NMR, molecular-dynamics, and molecular-mechanics techniques (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 72 (1989), S. 530-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present the application of several homo- and heteronuclear 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques to assign the 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the dominant conformation of didemnin B (2; three different conformations in (D6)DMSO solution in the ratio 8:1:1) and its conformational analysis, as well as the solution conformation of didemnin A (1). The conformations were refined by restrained molecular-dynamics calculations using the GROMOS program and by MOMO, a novel personal-computer-based interactive molecular-graphics and molecular-mechanics package, using experimental distances (via a H…H pseudo potential function) as restraints. The solution structures of 1 and 2 obtained by GROMOS and MOMO calculations were compared with each other and related to the recently solved crystal structure of 2. Focusing on the main conformer, the two kinds of the distance-restrained conformational calculations for 2 yielded a ‘solution structure’ close to the crystal structure. Almost all of the 40 restrained H…H distances coincided (within the estimated standard deviations) with those observed in the crystal structure. One more hydrogen bond was detected in solution involving the lactoyl OH group (disordered in the crystal structure) and the dimethyltyrosine (Me2Tyr5) carbonyl O-atom. The macrocyclic ring system in the modeled solution structure of 1 exhibited a topology close to those of the solution and crystal structures of 2. The main difference between 1 and 2 could be traced back to a significant change in the Ψ angle of the N-methyl-D-leucine (MeLeu7) residue. In 1, the N-methyl moiety of MeLeu7 points inward within the macrocyclic ring toward the 1st and Hip region. We also tested the suitability of structures obtained from NMR data as ‘search fragments’ in the ‘Patterson search approach’ of crystal-structure analysis. It proved possible to resolve the crystal structure of 2 a posteriori with the Patterson search program PATSEE, in this way.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19890720316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Structures of Two Modifications of [3,O-didehydro-mebmt1, val2]-cyclosporin and comparison of three different X-ray data sets (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 78 (1995), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of [3,O-didehydro-MeBmt1, Val2]cyclosporin (PSC-833; 1) was investigated by X-ray analysis. Data were collected from two different crystal modifications. Modification I crystallizes in P3121, a = b = 21.419 (2) Å, c = 32.101 (3) Å with one molecule in the asymmetric unit, modification II in P3221, a = b = 21.313 (2) Å, c = 62.053(3) Å with two molecules per asymmetric unit. This non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporin A adopts a similar backbone conformation to that found in the crystal structure of cyclosporin A and other analogues. Three different data sets of modification I were collected using an Enraf-Nonius-CAD4 diffractometer with CuKα radiation at 20°, a Stoe-Siemens four-circle diffractometer with MoKα radiation at - 120°, and an EMBL image-plate scanner with synchrotron radiation at 12°. The quality of the data sets was evaluated by internal consistency, independent structure solution, and refinement. The structural parameters reported here for modification I are based on the synchrotron data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19950780208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Some Reactions of 1H-1,4-Benzothiazine Ylides (= 1H-1,4-Benzothioniaazin-4-ide) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 68 (1985), S. 2216-2225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of fifteen 1H-1,4-benzothiazine ylides were obtained by alkylation of the corresponding 4H-1,4-benzothiazines 1. Ylides of type 2g-r showed slight [1,2] rearrangements upon thermolysis besides main dealkylation to 1 and olefin production. The ylides of this type underwent redox reactions when treated with hydrazine hydrate alone, giving 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazines mainly, while ylides of type 2a-f failed to react.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19850680816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Molecular and Crystal Structure of the Glycopeptide A-40926 Aglycone (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 79 (1996), S. 1916-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of a glycopeptide antibiotic A-40926 aglycone was investigated by X-ray analysis at -120°. A-40926 crystallises in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with two monomers in the asymmetric unit, a = 21.774(4), b = 28.603(7), c = 29.757(4) Å. ‘Conventional’ direct methods approach failed to solve the structure, but a novel iterative real/reciprocal space procedure was successful. Refinement against 11248 F2 data led to R1 = 13.3% for 6770 F 〉 4σ (F). The two monomers of A-40926 have similar conformations and are bound by antiparallel H-bonds to form a ‘chain’ structure of connecting dimers. The antibiotic molecule possesses a ‘binding pocket’ for the C-terminal carboxy group of the cell-wall protein, which is consisten with suggestions based on NMR data and the recently reported crystal structure of ureido-balhimycin. In A-40926 the monomers are polymerically linked by H-bonds, quite unlike the tight dimer formation observed in ureido-balhimycin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19960790714
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