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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 110 (1988), S. 1033-1049 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 130 (1999), S. 1089-1095 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. 13C NMR chemical shifts; Artificial neural network; Substituted benzenes; Aromatics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  Es wird eine Methode für die Berechnung der 13C-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen von aromatischen Kohlenstoffatomen in substituierten Benzolen vorgestellt. Hierfür kam ein mehrschichtiges neuronales Netz mit Fehlerrückführung zum Einsatz, welches mit den Literaturwerten der chemischen Verschiebungen von über 1000 monosubstituierten Aromaten trainiert wurde. Das neuronale Netz ist in der Lage, die 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen in Aromaten unabhängig von der Anzahl ihrer Substituenten genau vorherzusagen. Die durchschnittlichen Abweichungen zu den experimentellen Werten sind kleiner als 1.1 ppm. Die Methode ist insbesondere für die Berechnung der Verschiebungswerte höhersubstituierter Benzole deutlich besser geeignet als die bekannten Inkrementverfahren, was an mehreren Beispielen gezeigt wird.
    Notes: Summary.  A multi-layer feedforward neural network was used for the prediction and assignment of 13C NMR chemical shifts of substituted benzenes. The back-propagation neural network was trained by supervised learning with the chemical shift values of about 1000 substituted benzenes from literature. The average uncertainty for the prediction of the 13C chemical shifts is as low as 1.1 ppm. In comparison to common incremental methods, essentially better results were obtained for highly substituted systems with interacting substituents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conventional determination of the amino-acid sequence of the peptide antibiotic Ro 09-0198 was prevented by four cyclizations via side chains. The joint application of NMR spectroscopy at highest field and automated Edman degradation yielded a complete determination of the connectivity pattern. The three-dimensional structure derived from NOE data exhibits an interesting separation of amino acids with hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present the application of several homo- and heteronuclear 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques to assign the 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the dominant conformation of didemnin B (2; three different conformations in (D6)DMSO solution in the ratio 8:1:1) and its conformational analysis, as well as the solution conformation of didemnin A (1). The conformations were refined by restrained molecular-dynamics calculations using the GROMOS program and by MOMO, a novel personal-computer-based interactive molecular-graphics and molecular-mechanics package, using experimental distances (via a H…H pseudo potential function) as restraints. The solution structures of 1 and 2 obtained by GROMOS and MOMO calculations were compared with each other and related to the recently solved crystal structure of 2. Focusing on the main conformer, the two kinds of the distance-restrained conformational calculations for 2 yielded a ‘solution structure’ close to the crystal structure. Almost all of the 40 restrained H…H distances coincided (within the estimated standard deviations) with those observed in the crystal structure. One more hydrogen bond was detected in solution involving the lactoyl OH group (disordered in the crystal structure) and the dimethyltyrosine (Me2Tyr5) carbonyl O-atom. The macrocyclic ring system in the modeled solution structure of 1 exhibited a topology close to those of the solution and crystal structures of 2. The main difference between 1 and 2 could be traced back to a significant change in the Ψ angle of the N-methyl-D-leucine (MeLeu7) residue. In 1, the N-methyl moiety of MeLeu7 points inward within the macrocyclic ring toward the 1st and Hip region. We also tested the suitability of structures obtained from NMR data as ‘search fragments’ in the ‘Patterson search approach’ of crystal-structure analysis. It proved possible to resolve the crystal structure of 2 a posteriori with the Patterson search program PATSEE, in this way.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Cyclic pentapeptides ; Conformational analysis ; Immune stimulating peptides ; Molecular dynamics calculations in solution ; Peptides ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptide Conformations, 501). - Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Cyclic Alanine Analogs of Thymopoietin by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Calculations in Vacuo and in SolutionCyclic D-valine containing splenopentin (SP5), cyclo(-Arg-Lys-Glu-D-Val-Tyr-), its five alanine-substituted analogs and cyclo-(-Ala4-D-Ala-) have been synthesized and analysed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in DMSO and H2O solution. The NOE- and ROE-derived conformations have been refined by molecular dynamics calculations in vacuo and in water. All these peptides show similar chemical shift values with and without protecting groups either in DMSO and in H2O. Conformational analysis based on NMR data showed βII′γ-structured backbones with D-amino acid in position i + 1 of the β turn. The populations of the side chain conformation of tyrosine and valine about χ1 have been determined by 3JHCαCβH coupling constants and NOE data and have been fixed in the preferred conformation during the MD calculations. Structure refinement of cyclo(-D-Val-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Ala-) and cyclo(D-Ala-Ala4-) by restrained molecular dynamics with respect to reduced charges, depending on the temperature dependencies of the NH chemical shifts resulted in a weak bending of the backbone caused by a γi turn on the opposite side of the molecule. A relationship between 13Cα-chemical shift values and peptide conformations is described. Biological testings showed a strong reduction of biological activity by substitution of D-valine and glutamic acid for alanine.
    Notes: Cyclisches, D-Valin enthaltendes Splenopentin (SP5), cyclo(-Arg-Lys-Glu-D-Val-Tyr-), seine fünf positionsweise substituierten Alanin-Analogen und das Modellpeptid cyclo(-Ala4-D-Ala-) wurden synthetisiert und in DMSO und Wasser durch zweidimensionale NMR-Spektroskopie untersucht. Die aus NOE- bzw. ROE-Daten gewonnenen Konformationen wurden mit Molecular-Dynamics-Methoden zum Teil auch unter Einschluß des Lösungsmittels Wasser verfeinert. Alle Peptide zeigen ähnliche 1H- und 13C-chemische Verschiebungen sowohl mit als auch ohne Schutzgruppen an den Seitenketten in DMSO und in Wasser. Die Konformationsuntersuchungen anhand von NOE- und ROE-Spektroskopie, 3JHNCαH-Kopplungskonstanten und anderen Daten ergeben übereinstimmend eine βII′γ-Struktur der Grundgerüste mit der D-Aminosäure in der i + 1-Position der βII′-Schleife. Die Seitenkettenkonformationen von Tyrosin und Valin konnten durch 3JHCαCβH-Kopplungskonstanten und NOE-Daten bestimmt werden. Sie wurden in den Rechnungen in der bevorzugten Konformation fixiert. Die Strukturverfeinerung von cyclo(-D-Val-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Ala-) und cyclo(-Ala4-D-Ala-) durch Restrained-MD unter Berücksichtigung reduzierter Ladungen, die sich experimentell aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebungen der NH-Protonen ergaben, zeigten ein Abknicken des Grundgerüstes durch eine auf der Gegenseite der βII′γ-Wasserstoffbrükkenbindungen angeordnete γi-Schleife. Die Abhängigkeit der chemischen Verschiebung der 13Cα-Kohlenstoffe von der Position der Aminosäuren im Grundgerüst konnte in einen systematischen Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Biologische Tests ergaben eine starke Reduktion der biologischen Aktivität bei Substitution der Glutaminsäure und D-Valin durch Alanin.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Structure elucidation ; Computational method ; Natural products ; HMBC ; Constitutional analysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The application of the new computer program COCON (Constitutions from Connectivities) to the 2D-NMR data sets of three different complex natural products is described. The investigated compounds are proton-poor and therefore underdetermined systems. For such molecules the number of possible constitutions and the computational speed of COCON are of interest. Our investigation is focused on how methods of 13C-NMR chemical shift prediction can assist chemists with regard to refining the selection among the constitutions proposed by COCON.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 385-395 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The strategy and tactics of conformational analysis of cyclic peptides in solution is demonstrated by the example of cyclo(-D-Pro-Phe-Thr-Phe-Trp-Phe-). Spin-locked experiments like rotating frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY), ROTO, and TOCSY are successfully applied to assign all proton signals and to obtain distance information. A crude conformational model was built using the nmr data. This starting model was refined by restrained molecular dynamics (MD) calculations using ROE derived distances and fixed bond angles as determined from homo- and heteronuclear coupling constants. To mimic the solvent and to reduce artifacts in an in vacuo calculation the charges of the solvent-exposed NH protons were gradually reduced according to the temperature gradients. The thus obtained “conformation” (mean of a 40 ps MD trajectory) shows very close similarity to x-ray structures in an orthorhombic and in two monoclinic crystal modifications of the same compound. The main difference is the breaking of an intermolecular hydrogen bond of the theronine hydroxyl group on dissolution of the crystal and forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond in solution.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 25-47 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR techniques were used to assign all H- and C-resonances of the two conformers A and B of [7-(N-methyl-L-leucine)]didemnin B. Didemnine is a biologically highly active cytostaticum and immunosuppressivum. The assignment of the aliphatic C-atoms were done by the inverse H,C-COSY with TOCSY transfer which connects complete proton spin systems and represents them on C-atoms. The structure of both conformers (A and B) in (D6)DMSO solution was derived from homo- and heteronuclear couplings (J), temperature dependencies of NH protons, and NOE effects. Distances determined from the latter were used for refinements by restrained MD calculations using the GROMOS program. The solution structure of [Me-L-Leu7]didemnin B (A and B) was compared to that of didemnin B. The backbone structure of the macrocyclic ring and of the linear side-chain moiety are very similar in conformer A and didemnin B, though the Ist1-Hip2 region of the ring is slightly ex tended in conformer A. This may be caused by the influence of the Me-L-Leu7 residue in A and may be responsible for its reduced biological activity in comparison to didemnin B. The more weakly populated conformer B exhibits a βVI turn in the linear side-chain moiety.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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