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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Brain death ; Malignant brain swelling ; Temporal pattern ; Hirntod ; Maligne verlaufende Hirnschwellung ; Zeitverläufe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Dynamik der therapeutisch nicht beeinflußbaren Hirnschwellung wurde an 96 autopsierten Fällen analysiert. Sie waren aus einem großen Material von Hirntod-Fällen nach folgenden Gesichtspunkten ausgewählt worden: die Initialläsion wie auch der Eintritt des Hirntodes waren zeitlich genügend scharf bestimmbar, sie hatten weder Entzündungen noch Tumoren oder Hirnoperationen, sie waren nicht Kinder unter 1 Jahr und sie hatten keine sekundären Infarkte oder Rezidivblutungen nach einer Aneurysma-Ruptur. Die Daten zeigen eine ausgeprägte Variation des Zeitintervalles von der Primärläsion bis zum Eintritt des Hirntodes. Sie reicht von 0 Stunden bis zu 11 Tagen mit einem Medianwert von 24 Stunden. Diese Intervalle sind unabhängig von Art und Schwere der Initialläsion (Tab. I) und vom Alter (Tab. II) mit Ausnahme von Kindern unter 10 Jahren, die nach Kürzerer Zeitdauer gestorben waren. Der Schwellungsprozeß zeigt also eine Eigendynamik, die aber wegen der großen Variation nicht durch stetige Progression erklärt werden kann. Die Analyse der Zeitspannen mit Hilfe des Weibull-Wahrscheinlichkeitsnetzes (Abb. 2) zeigt eine bimodale Häufigkeitsverteilung, die aus der Überlagerung von 2 Faktoren zu erklären ist, nämlich: 1. dem Hirnödem und 2. dem finalen Verlust der Autoregulation der Hirngefäße mit irreversibler Schwellung des Gehirns und hochgradiger intrakranieller Druckerhöhung. Im Durchschnitt verläuft die maligne, letal endende Hirnschwellung rascher als das übliche Hirnödem. Sie wird aber bis zu 11 Tagen beobachtet, ohne daß Hinweise auf sekundär entstandene Hirnschäden vorliegen.
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of brain swelling which does not respond to any form of treatment was analysed in 96 autopsy cases. These were selected from many cases of brain death, according to the following criteria: the time of occurrence of the initial lesion, as well as the onset of brain death, could be precisely determined; the patients had no inflammation, tumour of the brain or previous brain operation; there were no children under one year of age and there were no secondary infarctions or recurrences of bleeding after rupture of an aneurysm. The findings show a wide variation in the period of time between the primary lesion and the onset of brain death. This ranges from zero hours to eleven days, with a median of 24 hours. These intervals are independent of the nature and severity of the lesion (Table I) and of the age (Table II) with the exception of children under ten years, who died after a shorter interval. This process of brain swelling appears to show inherent dynamics, which because of the great variation cannot be explained by a steady progression. The analysis of the time intervals on Weibull-probability graph-paper (Figure 2) shows a bimodal frequency distribution, which can be explained by the superimposition of two factors, namely (i) brain oedema and (ii) a final loss of autoregulation of the cerebral vessels with irreversible swelling of the brain and severe intracranial hypertension. On average, this malignant and fatal brain swelling advances more rapidly than the “ordinary” brain oedema, but it can be observed up to eleven days without any signs of secondary damage to the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1983), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain death ; Ischemic neuronal alterations ; Brain stem ; Meningoencephalitic reaction ; Reperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The varying cell picture of the brain in brain death is impressive. Some authors have interpreted this cell picture as a result of intravital autolysis and others as necrosis, at which the maturation time obviously plays an important part. The following time-dependent cerebral changes were established on the basis of an evaluation of 190 brain death cases: (1) neuronal necroses that arise at different rates within the cerebral cortex and the lower brain stem; (2) a hemorrhagic-meningoencephalitic reaction that occurs exclusively at least 4 days after brain death or hemorrhages alone after intervals of at least 48 h; and (3) a washed-out tissue picture. The alterations in the spinal border zone of the total infarction, like in the brain itself, increase rapidly after 48 h. The regular onset of inflammatory alterations after long brain death intervals can only be explained by partial recirculation due to a decline of the high intracranial pressure. The hermorrhages and increasing necroses in some cases with longer intervals therefore are likewise evidence of a not entirely complete cerebral ischemia in spite of an angiographically demonstrable circulatory arrest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations for nineteen pure systems were measured photographically. The period of oscillation was longer than that predicted by Lamb. The discrepancy was not due to wall effects, viscosity, or velocity of fall but to amplitude of oscillation. Modification of previous expressions included an amplitude function which could be experimental or empirical. Oscillations began near the peak velocity, and a vortex trail was necessary for them to take place. Oblate-prolate oscillations did not cause drop breakup, as all systems ceased to oscillate and wobbled randomly below maximum drop size. Oscillations do not decay with time.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 315 (1973), S. 958-964 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde die Umsetzung von Cyclopentadien mit Äthylenoxid in Gegenwart basischer Katalysatorsysteme untersucht. Neben β-Hydroxyäthyl-cyclopentadien 1 entstehen vorwiegend DIELS-ALDER-Addukte mit Tricyclo[5,2,1,02.6]decan-Struktur. Das Isomerenverhältnis der gebildeten β-Hydroxyäthylcyclopentadiene 1 a:1 b (44:56) wurde NMR-spektroskopisch bestimmt. Die Geschwindigkeiten der Homodimerisierung von 1 und Cyclopentadien verhalten sich bei 70 °C etwa wie 1:2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 81 (1969), S. 701-701 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We report here the construction of a promoter-probe vector, pRS2, which can be utilized in either Acetobacter methanolicus MB 58 or Escherichia coli due to the presence of broad-host-range replicon RSF 1010. The vector provides several unique restriction sites for promoter cloning as well as resistance markers for the selection of transformants. The promoter-probe vector was constructed by inserting an EcoRI-SalI-polylinker fragment of pUC 19 into EcoRI/SalI digested pMK 16. The resulting plasmid, pRS1, was cloned into the unique EcoRI site of the broad-host-range plasmid RSF 1010.The vector was used to clone promoter-containing sequences derived from the A. methanolicus MB 58 chromosome as well as the E. coli lac-promoter.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 14 (1994), S. 141-151 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The construction of different plasmids reported here on the basis of a broad-host-range RSF1010 replicon allows an efficient expression of heterologous genes in the acidophilic methanol-assimilating bacterium Acetobacter methanolicus B58.The promoter-probe vector pRS201 was used for the identification and isolation of the promoter containing sequences derived from the DNA of the Acetobacter phage Acm1. Further, this plasmid was coupled with the Escherichia coli promoters tac and pr creating the expression vectors pRS201tac and pRS201pr, respectively. After the insertion of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene of the cloned promoters downstream, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was determined in a cell-free extract of both E. coli and A. methanolicus.Using E. coli promoters as well as promoters of the Acetobacter phage Acm1 arranged in tandem with the promoters of the heterologous genes to be expressed, the pectat lyase gene (ptlB) of Erwinia carotovora and the threonine A gene (thrA) of E. coli were successfully expressed in A. methanolicus.The stability of recombinant plasmids under various conditions in A. methanolicus strains was tested using antibiotic-free media.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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