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  • Subarachnoid haemorrhage  (2)
  • Brain parenchyma enhancement  (1)
  • Cerebrale Atrophie  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Rapid imagesplitting ; Contrast bolus ; Brain parenchyma enhancement ; Brain death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-three patients complying with the clinical criteria for brain death were studied by contrast-enhanced CT. In all but one, the great intracranial vessels escaped visualization; accordingly, angiography demonstrated cerebral circulatory arrest. In the remaining case, faint enhancement of the circle of Willis corresponded to angiographic demonstration of the proximal segments of cerebral arteries. Neither in normal brain nor in dead brain did slow CT scanning disclose any postcontrast increase in parenchymal attenuation. An improved technique is proposed to demonstrate the transit of the contrast bolus by rapid CT with image splitting. If cerebral blood flow is preserved, the grey and white matter will enhance significantly following administration of contrast medium. Vice versa, the absence of enhancement confirms brain death, even in instances in which the great cerebral vessels are obscured by hemorrhage or other extensive lesions. Two additional cases of brain death were evaluated by rapid CT scanning. As to brain death, the technique obviates the need for angiography or radionuclide angiography, usually applied in prospective organ donors, because its informative content is superior to that of either method. The CT technique described affords a reliable and safe diagnosis of brain death, and can be interpreted easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Aneurysm ; Transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography ; Embolisation ; Subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 72 patients with 89 angiographically confirmed intracranial aneurysms, using transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) to determine the location and size of the aneurysm. The patients were admitted for coil embolisation of their aneurysm following subarachnoid haemorrhage or because of a cranial nerve palsy. Using a 2/2.25 MHz transducer, 42 aneurysms (47 %) were seen satisfactorily through the temporal bone window or foramen magnum. In 24 cases (27 %) image quality was insufficient as a result of a poor bone window, of the aneurysm having a diameter of less than 6 mm or of its being in an unfavourable location. In 23 other cases (26 %) it was not possible to detect the aneurysm. Thrombosed structures could be demonstrated using TCCD in 8 of 12 giant intracavernous or basilar artery aneurysms, and in 15 of 19 aneurysms treated by platinum coil embolisation. TCCD offers a noninvasive method for monitoring progressive intra-aneurysmal thrombosis following coil embolisation and for follow-up of patients with untreatable fusiform aneurysms, should this be required. Detection of small aneurysms is limited by spatial resolution and insonation angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; Transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography ; Embolisation ; Subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 72 patients with 89 angiographically confirmed intracranial aneurysms, using transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) to determine the location and size of the aneurysm. The patients were admitted for coil embolisation of their aneurysm following subarachnoid haemorrhage or because of a cranial nerve palsy. Using a 2/2.25 MHz transducer, 42 aneurysms (47%) were seen satisfactorily through the temporal bone window or foramen magnum. In 24 cases (27%) image quality was insufficient as a result of a poor bone window, of the aneurysm having a diameter of less than 6 mm or of its being in an unfavourable location. In 23 other cases (26%) it was not possible to detect the aneurysm. Thrombosed structures could be demonstrated using TCCD in 8 of 12 giant intracavernous or basilar artery aneurysms, and in 15 of 19 aneurysms treated by platinum coil embolisation. TCCD offers a noninvasive method for monitoring progressive intra-aneurysmal thrombosis following coil embolisation and for follow-up of patients with untreatable fusiform aeurysms, should this be required. Detection of small aneurysms is limited by spatial resolution and insonation angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 226 (1978), S. 137-156 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Cerebral atrophy ; Chronic alcoholism ; Computerized cranial tomography ; Cerebrale Atrophie ; Chronischer Alkoholismus ; Craniale Computertomographic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 50 chronische Alkoholiker (37 Manner und 13 Frauen im Alter von 26 bis 56 Jahren, Durchschnittsalter 39,9 Jahre) mit unterschiedlichen klinischen Syndromen (Alkoholpsychosen, metalkoholische Encephalopathien) wurden computertomographisch untersucht. In 96% (in 80% höhergradig) war eine cerebrale Atrophie nachweisbar. Fast immer handelte es sich um zugleich corticale und subcorticale Veränderungen, wobei gegenüber der Pneumencephalographie die zuverlässige Darstellung gerade auch corticaler Atrophien hervorzuheben ist. Einschränkend muß jedoch betont werden, daß man anhand der CT nicht sicher sein kann, daß eine Erweiterung der äußeren Liquorräume durch eine Degeneration der grauen oder der benachbarten Ausläufer der weißen Substanz hervorgerufen wird (Windungsatrophien). Die computertomographischen Befunde wurden auf ihre Beziehungen zu Lebensalter, Geschlecht, Abususdauer und -schwere, klinischem Syndrom, Rezidivhäufigkeit (und auch Anfällen) u.a.m. untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich in erster Linie ein Zusammenhang mit der Abususdauer und dem Lebensalter, weniger deutlich mit der Abususschwere. Die ausgeprägtesten Veränderungen fanden sich beim deliranten Syndrom und Psychose-Rezidiven, vor allem in Verbindung mit hirnorganischen Anfällen. Die stärksten Erweiterungen des 3. Ventrikels wiesen Wernicke-Korsakow-Encephalopathien mit in der Vorgeschichte wiederholten Entzugssyndromen auf. Die an 10 Patienten jeweils während der floriden Psychose und vier Wochen danach vorgenommenen computertomographischen Untersuchungen ergaben identische Befunde; passagere Veränderungen (z.B. ein Hirnödem) ließen sich also nicht fassen. Die craniale Computertomographie erscheint vorzüglich dazu geeignet, den vielen noch offenen Fragen wie z.B. dem Alter, der Abususdauer und-schwere in ihrer speziellen pathogenetischen Wertigkeit für die im Rahmen des Alkoholismus auftretenden cerebralen Atrophien insbesondere an größeren Kollektiven weiter nachzugehen.
    Notes: Summary Fifty chronic alcoholics (37 men and 13 women, ages 26–55, mean age 39.9 years) with different clinical syndromes (alcoholic psychosis, alcoholic encephalopathies) were studied by computerized cranial tomography. Cerebral atrophy was detected in 96% of all cases. Combined cortical and subcortical signs were encountered in almost all cases. Cortical atrophy seemed to be detectable more easily by CT than by pneumencephalography. The computerized tomographic findings were studied in their relations to age, sex, duration of abuse, clinical syndromes, frequency of relapse (and seizures, too), etc. Cerebral atrophy was correlated primarily with the subjects' age and the duration, and less with the intensity of alcoholism. The most distinct changes were found in delirium syndromes and, in cases with relapse of psychosis, especially in combination with seizures. Wernicke-Korsakow encephalopathies showed the widest third ventricles when combined with repeated syndromes of withdrawal in their case histories. Computerized tomographic examinations of ten patients during acute psychosis as well as 4 weeks later showed identical findings; transitory changes, e.g., cerebral edema, were not detected. Computerized cranial tomography appears to be extremely useful to study the numerous open questions concerning the pathogenetic role of age, duration, and severity of abuse with cerebral atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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