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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dural arteriovenous fistula ; Cavernous sinus ; Transvenous embolization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen patients with symptomatic dural caroticocavernous fistulae were treated by transvenous embolization, via the jugular vein and inferior petrosal sinus. The fistula was occuladed by thrombogenic coils. Complete resolution of symptoms and signs was achieved in 14 patients, and complete angiographic resolution was also obtained in 14 patients. Failures to achieve angiographic cure were attributed to failure to reach the fistula within the cavernous sinus precisely. Factors which make placement of the catheter at the fistula difficult are trabeculae within the cavernous sinus, a specific configuration of the superior ophthalmic vein and venous thrombosis. To improve the efficacy of tranvenous embolization, every possible venous route to the cavernous sinus therefore should be tried, to facilitate reaching the fistula and the possibility of transvenous embolization should not be thwarted by venous thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Focal cerebral ischemia ; Programmed neuronal death ; Nimodipine ; Mannitol ; Cerebroprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nimodipine and mannitol on infarct size and on the amount of apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 300–380 g) by transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) using an intraluminal thread model. All animals underwent ischemia for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Group I (n=16) was untreated. Group II (n=16) received 15% mannitol (1 g/kg as bolus) and group III (n=9) received 15 µg/kg/h nimodipine intravenously beginning 15 min prior to MCAO. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the brain was taken and sectioned in coronal slices. The slices were stained with H&E and with the transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in infarct size in the striatum with both drugs: mannitol (group II) 25.4±5.9% and nimodipine (group III) 21.5±11.0% versus control (group I) 34.9±7.0% and in the cortex 2.7±2.0% (group II) and 6.3±2.4% (group III) versus control 14.4±9.0% (group I). The number of apoptotic cells was statistically lower in the therapy groups (group III 9.6, group II 25.8) versus control (group I 57.9) (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test Z〉1.96, P〈0.05). This study indicates that mannitol and nimodipine provide neuroprotection by preventing both the necrotic and apoptotic components of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia and may be effective as neuroprotective drugs for cerebrovascular surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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