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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 1649-1666 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cyclic octapeptide cyclo(-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-ProLeu-Ile-Ile-) (1), isolated from the Hymeniacidon sponge, was synthesized and examined conformationally using NMR and molecular-dynamics simulations. Most structural parameters of synthetic 1 are in accord with those reported for the isolated material. Our study indicates some small but significant differences in the assignment of the 1H- and 13C-NMR resonances from those of the natural material. The Conformation was determind in both CHCl3 and DMSO using 1H-NMR and molecular-dynamics simulations. Both NOE's and coupling constants were used as experimental restraints during the simulations which utilized explicitly the same solvent as in the NMR study. The differences in the interaction of the solvent with 1 were examined, providing insight into the observed differenced in conformation. The dominant conformation contains a ßVIa turn about Ile8-Tyr3 including a Pro1-Pro2 cis-peptide bond and a ßI or ßII turn about Val4-Ile7 in CHCl3 and DMSO, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational analysis of naturally occurring cytostatic cyclic heptapeptides axinastatin 2, 3, and 4 was carried out by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in combination with distance-geometry (DG) and molecular-dynamics (MD) calculations in explicit solvents. The synthesized secondary metabolites were examined in (D6)DMSO. Axinastatin 2 was also investigated in CD3OH. In all structures, Pro2 is in the i + 1 position of a βI turn and Pro6 occupies the i + 2 position of a βVIa turn about the cis amide bond between residue 5 and Pro6. In all peptides, a bifurcated H-bond occurs between residue 4 CO and the amide protons of residue 1 and 7. For axinastatin 2 and 3, an Asn Ig turn was found about Asn1 and Pro2. We compared these structures with conformations of cyclic heptapeptides obtained by X-ray and NMR studies. A β-bulge motif with two β turns and one bifurcated H-bond is found as the dominating backbone conformation of cyclic all-L-heptapeptides. Axinastatin 2, 3, and 4 can be characterized by six trans and one cis amide bond resulting in a β/βVI(a)-turn motif, a conformation found for many cyclic heptapeptides. Detailed biological tests of the synthetic compounds in different human cancer cell lines indicates these axinastatins to be inactive or of low activity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: azelastine ; flezelastine ; fractional crystallization ; antiallergic/antiasthmatic ; chiral discrimination ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The racemic phthalazinone derivatives azelastine and flezelastine were resolved via formation of diastereomeric salts and fractional crystallization thereof. The optical purity of the enantiomers was checked by HPLC. Pharmacological investigations in vitro and in vivo related to antiallergic/antiasthmatic activity revealed some stereospecific differences. However, chiral discrimination could not be observed with regard to overall activity of azelastine and flezelastine. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Azaphenothiazine ; Smiles rearrangement ; Pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Synthesis of 4-AzaphenothiazineHerrn Dr. W. A. Schuler zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.The reaction of 2-chloropyridine with 2-aminothiophenol gives N-(2-mercaptophenyl)-2-pyridinamine (2) which is cyclised to give 4-azaphenothiazine (3), a useful intermediate for pharmaceuticals. An improved one-pot synthesis is reported and a reaction mechanism proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1541-1550 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of the Streptogramin B Analogue Cyclodepsipeptide cyclo-(Boc)Ser-D-Abu-Pro-(Me)Phe-Pip-Phg-O-]The synthesis of cyclo [-(Boc)Ser-D-Abu-Pro-(Me)Phe-Pip-Phg-O-] (1), an analogue of the virginiamycin antibiotics, is described. The dipeptide 11 containing the ester bond was condensed with the tetrapeptide 12. Cyclization of the linear, deprotected hexadepsipeptide 15 was performed between serine and D-2-aminobutyric acid. The 1H NMR spectra of 1 exhibit no unique conformation. So far no evidence has been found for complexation with alkali ions or of antibiotic activity.
    Notes: Die Synthese von cyclo[-(Boc)Ser-D-Abu-Pro-(Me)Phe-Pip-Phg-O-] (1), einem Analogen der Virginiamycin-Antibiotika, wird beschrieben. Es wurde das die Esterbindung enthaltende Dipeptid 11 mit dem Tetrapeptid 12 kondensiert. Die Cyclisierung des linearen, entschützten Hexadepsipeptids 15 erfolgte zwischen Serin und D-2-Aminobuttersäure. 1 ist nach Auskunft des 1H-NMR-Spektrums konformativ nicht einheitlich. Mit Alkaliionen konnte bisher keine Komplexierung nachgewiesen werden; antibiotische Wirkung wurde nicht beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 893-913 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptide Conformations, 39. - NMR Studies of the Conformation of Cyclic Pentapeptide Analogues of ThymopoietinThe investigation of the conformations of the ten cyclic side chain-protected thymopoietin analogues cyclo[-(D,L-Tyr/Trp/D-Phe)-(Arg/D-Lys)-(Arg/D,L-Lys)-(Asp/Glu)-(D,L)-Val-] (c1-c10) by NMR spectroscopy is described. As can be seen by temperature and solvent dependencies of NH-chemical shifts, by coupling constants, by NOE effects, and by 15N-NMR spectra, all cyclic peptides appear in a βII′γ-structure. Exchange of aromatic amino acids does not cause changes in the spectral parameters. Exchange of Asp by Glu is accompanied by decreasing backbone flexibility. The side-chain conformations of the aromatic amino acids Tyr, Trp, and Asp are shortly discussed. Our results exclude an extended conformation of the linear fragment 32 - 36 as the biological active conformation.
    Notes: NMR-spektroskopische Konformationsuntersuchungen an den zehn cyclischen, in den Seitenketten geschützten Pentapeptidanalogen des Thymopoietins cyclo[-(D,L-Tyr/Trp/D-Phe)-(Arg/D-Lys)-(Arg/D,L-Lys)-(Asp/Glu)-(D,L)-Val-] (c1-c10) werden beschrieben. Wie die Temperatur- und Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der NH-Signale, Kopplungskonstanten, NOE-Effekte und 15N-NMR-Spektren zeigen, liegen alle Cyclopeptide in einer βII′γ-Struktur vor. Während aus dem Austausch aromatischer Aminosäuren keine Unterschiede in den spektroskopischen Parametern resultieren, deuten die beim Austausch von Asp gegen Glu sich ändernden Parameter geringere Flexibilität des Ringgerüsts an. Die Seitenkettenkonformationen der aromatischen Aminosäuren Tyr und Trp sowie von Asp werden kurz diskutiert. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Untersuchungen kann eine gestreckte Konformation des linearen Fragments 32 - 36 als biologisch aktive Konformation ausgeschlossen werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 914-931 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Peptide Conformations, 40. - Cyclic Hexapeptide Analogues of Thymopoietin. - Synthesis and Conformational AnalysisThe syntheses of the four cyclic hexapeptides cyclo[-Arg(NO2)-Lys(Z)-Xxx(OBzl)-Val-Tyr-Gly-], c1: Xxx = Asp, c2: Xxx = Glu, cyclo[-Tyr-Val-Arg(NO2)-Lys(Z)-Xxx(OBzl)-D-Val-], c3: Xxx = Asp, c4: Xxx = Glu with thymopoietin-analogous sequences are described. The linear precursors of the cyclopeptides were synthesized by classical methods of peptide chemistry. Cyclization was carried out by the newly developed carbodiimide/DMAP method. The conformational studies of the four cyclohexapeptides gave different results. The NMR data of the glycine-containing cyclopeptides c1 and c2 correlate with an equilibrium of different conformations, whereas the D- and L-valine-containing cyclohexapeptides c3 and c4 are conformationally homogenous. The conformational analysis proves that these cyclohexapeptides adopt a βII′βI′-structure.
    Notes: Die Synthesen der vier cyclischen Hexapeptide cyclo[-Arg(NO2)-Lys(Z)-Xxx(OBzl)-Val-Tyr-Gly-], c1: Xxx = Asp, c2: Xxx = Glu, cyclo[-Tyr-Val-Arg(NO2)-Lys(Z)-Xxx(OBzl)-D-Val-], c3: Xxx = Asp, c4: Xxx = Glu mit Thymopoietin-analogen Sequenzen werden beschrieben. Die linearen Vorstufen der Cyclen wurden nach klassischen Methoden der Peptidchemie synthetisiert. Die Cyclisierungen erfolgten mit der neu entwickelten Carbodiimid/DMAP-Methode. Konformationsuntersuchungen an den vier cyclischen Hexapeptiden erbrachten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse. Für die beiden Glycin enthaltenden Cyclohexapeptide c1 und c2 muß aufgrund der NMR-spektroskopischen Daten ein Gleichgewicht mehrerer Konformationen angenommen werden. Dagegen sind die D- und L-Valin enthaltenden Cyclohexapeptide c3 und c4 konformativ einheitlich. Die Konformationsanalyse zeigt. daß diese Cyclopeptide in einer βII′βI′-Struktur vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Azachalcone ; Aldol reaction ; Michael addition ; Inverse 2D-NMR ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Acetylpyridine reacts stereoselectively with benzaldehyde under basic conditions to afford rac-1. The constitution of 1 was determined by the long-range connectivities revealed by the H, C-COLOC spectrum. The relative stereochemistry of the chiral centers C-2 to C-6 was obtained from 3JHH couplings. The stereochemistry at the non-proton bearing C-1 was established by through-space connectivities from ROESY and semiquantitative analysis of 3JCH from an inverse 2D-NMR spectrum (HMBC). The NMR findings were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 869-892 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Cyclic Pentapeptide Analogues of Thymopoietin. - Cyclization with Carbodiimide and 4-(Dimethylamino)pyridineThe syntheses of ten cyclic pentapeptides with sequences analogous to thymopoietin are described. The linear precursors of the cyclopeptides were synthesized by classical methods of peptide chemistry. Cyclization was exclusively carried out by the newly developed carbodiimide/DMAP method, with the advantage of higher yield and purity compared with the azide method according to Medzhiradsky. The strong activation leads to racemization and inversion, respectively, if the linear precursors contain no C- or N-terminal D-amino acid.
    Notes: Die Synthesen von zehn cyclischen Pentapeptiden mit Thymopoietin-analogen Sequenzen werden beschrieben. Die linearen Vorstufen der Cyclen wurden nach klassischen Methoden der Peptidchemie synthetisiert. Die Cyclisierungen erfolgten mit der neu entwickelten Carbodiimid/DMAP-Methode, deren Vorteile bezüglich Ausbeute und Reinheit gegenüber der Azidmethode nach Medzhiradsky aufgezeigt werden. Die starke Aktivierung führt zu C-terminaler Racemisierung bzw. Inversion, wenn die linearen Vorläufer keine C- oder N-terminale D-Aminosäure enthalten.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Cytostatica ; Konformationsanalyse ; LHRH-Antagonisten ; Peptidmimetica ; Rezeptoren ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hormone - und hier besonders die Geschlechtshormone - waren die ersten Wachstumsfaktoren, die als unfreiwillige Helfer des Krebses enttarnt wurden. Der Brustkrebs der Frau und das Prostatacarcinom des Mannes sind die bekanntesten der als hormonabhängig geltenden Tumore. Ein Blick in die Krebsstatistik zeigt, daß der Brustkrebs nach wie vor die häufigste Tumorerkrankung der Frau ist; beim Mann spielt im fortgeschrittenen Alter das Prostatacarcinom eine ähnlich dominierende Rolle. Die operative Ausschaltung der Hauptproduktionsstätten der Geschlechtshormone Östrogen und Testosteron durch Entfernung der Eierstöcke bzw. durch Kastration sind altbekannte und oft effektive, wenn auch wegen der psychischen Belastung durch solche Eingriffe problematische Therapien. Die moderne Hormontherapie beim fortgeschrittenen Brustkrebs und Prostatacarcinom versucht, dem Patienten solche unwiderruflichen operativen Eingriffe so lange wie möglich zu ersparen: durch Hormon-Antagonisten, z. B. LHRH-Antagonisten, die das eigentliche Hormon an der Entfaltung seiner wachstumsfördernden Wirkung hindern.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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