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  • Chemistry  (6)
  • orientation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of annealing on the optical and mechanical properties of cold drawn polypropylene fibres (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polypropylene fibres ; annealing ; cold drawing ; refractive index ; birefringence ; orientation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Refractive indices and birefringence changes with strain produced by different stresses in annealed and unannealed polypropylene fibres (4 : 1 draw ratio, 515 tex polypropylene from Bolton, UK) were measured interferometrically. Calculations were carried out using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the Cauchy's constants, dispersive coefficient and the dielectric constant at infinity. The orientation factor and orientation angle of the fibre material were calculated for different strain values. Poisson's ratio and the strain optical coefficient were also determined. An empirical formula is suggested to correlate the orientation factor, orientation angle, area of cross-section and birefringence with the draw ratio, and the constants of this formula were determined. The effect of the draw ratio on the refractive index profile was studied. Microinterferograms and curves are given as illustrations.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colorimetric evaluation of thermooxidative degradation of nylon 6 fibers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nylon 6 fibers were annealed in air at 160°C for periods ranging from 1 to 10 h. Their spectral reflectance values were measured. Color parameters, including luminance factor, dominant wavelength, purity, and the color difference between annealed nylon 6 fiber samples and unheated ones were calculated. The observed variations in the colors of samples were assumed due to the thermal and oxidation degradations. The behavior of the color parameters with heating duration was compared with the general kinetic curve of thermooxidative degradation of polymers and the match between them is discussed. The color difference ΔE values is recommended for monitoring the thermooxidative degradation of nylon 6 fibers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070570303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. VI. Effect of annealing on some of the optical and dynamic mechanical parameters of polyester fibers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1585-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the structure of annealed polyester fibers (Egyptian manufacture) at a constant time of 5 h and different temperatures (80-190°C) were studied interferometrically. The Pulta polarizing interference microscope was used for determining the mean refractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibers. The multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission was also used for determining the refractive indices of the skin and core of these fibers. Also, the acoustic method was used for measuring the density and mechanical loss factor of these fibers. Relations between the mean refractive indices, birefringences polarizabilities per unit volume, and mechanical parameters of annealed polyester fibers with different temperatures are discussed to clarify the thermal effects. Illustrations are given using graphs and microinterferograms. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. I. Relations between optical properties and change of the density and mechanical loss factor for annealed polyester fibers (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 1355-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyester (Egyptain manufacturers) fibers were annealed in the temperature range 80-190°C for time intervals from 1 to 10 h. The density of the annealed fibers was measured by a system based on the theory of vibrating strings. The fiber diameter was also determined, using the laser forward diffraction technique. Refractive indices and birefringence for annealed fibers at different temperatures and constant time, 1 h, were measured by the polarizing interference microscope. The behavior of fiber density and the mechanical loss factor at different annealing temperatures and times were discussed at different optical parameters. The results obtained clarify the effect of annealing time and temperatures on the optical, density, and mechanical loss factor behavior of polyester fibers. Microinterferograms are given for illustration. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070561017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. II. Annealing effect on the birefringence variations of polyester fibers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1239-1246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The variation of refractive indices and birefringences of Egyptian-manufactured polyester fibers with different annealing times at constant temperature 160°C are studied by inter-ferometry. The polarizing interference microscope is used for determining the mean re-fractive indices and mean birefringence of these fibers. The results are used to calculate optical orientation function and the angle of orientation. Also, the acoustic method has been used for measuring the density and the mechanical loss factor of these fibers. Relations between the mean refractive indices, birefringence, polarizabilities, mechanical loss factors, and densities with annealing time are given for these fibers. Illustrations are given using graphs and microinterferograms. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optothermal properties of fibers. V. Optical anisotropy in silk fibers as a function of annealing process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1289-1299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Silk fibers (Best Yellow Italian Silk, Ford & Co. Ltd) were annealed at constant temperatures of 100 and 150°C for different times ranging from 1 to 10 h and for different temperatures ranging from 60 to 160 ± 1°C for a constant time of 2 h. Refractive indices and birefringence were measured interferometrically. Two Independent techniques were used to study the optical anisotropy in these fibers. The first technique was to study the effect of annealing on the swelling properties of fibers from its diffraction pattern using a He—Ne laser beam. The second is the application of a double-refracting interference microscope. The double-beam technique is considered the most favorable technique in determining the mean re-fractive indices and the double refraction of the annealed samples. The behavior of optical properties at different annealing temperatures and times are discussed. The results obtained clarify that the reorientations occurred due to annealing at different conditions. Microin-terferograms and curves are given for illustration. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1-Opto-thermal properties of fibers annealing effect on the birefringence variations of polyester fibers (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 555-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyester ; annealing ; birefringence ; mechanical loss factor ; orientation ; density ; crystalline ; profile ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyester (Egyptian) fibers were annealed at constant temperature (190°C) with different annealing times. Density, crystallinity, mean square density fluctuation, mechanical loss factor, and molecular orientation were calculated. Densities and mechanical loss factor were determined using an acoustic method. Changes in the molecular orientation were evaluated from the resulting optical data using the polarizing Pluta interference microscope. Correlation of data obtained by one method with another leads to relational changes in optothermal properties and in the molecular orientation. Changes of refractive index profiles of annealed PET fibers are provided. Illustrations using graphs and microinterferograms are shown. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 555-565, 1998
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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