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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4480-4484 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mathematical formulas are modified for the shape of two-beam interference fringes crossing a cylindrical multilayer fiber to determine the refractive indices and birefringence at the boundary of layers across the fiber diameter. An equation is also derived to calculate the parts of cross-sectional areas of the fiber layers. A polarizing interference microscope is used to determine the variation of refractive indices and birefringence at any point across the diameter of polyester and nylon fibers. Two fibers are used for each measurement. The first fiber is of known mean refractive index and dispersion properties. The other fiber is of unknown values of refractive indices of fiber layers. The calculations are carried out with both line and area methods using the derived mathematical formulas. Illustrations are given by microinterferograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3815-3820 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-beam microinterferometric technique is used for the determination of refractive indices and birefringence of undyed and dyed polyester fibers. These fibers are dyed with five different concentrations of Resoline Violet RL dyestuff. The diameter and cross-sectional shape of these fibers are determined from the diffraction pattern of a He-Ne laser beam incident perpendicular to the fiber axis. The Pluta polarizing interference microscope is used for the determination of (a) the mean refractive indices n(parallel)a, n⊥a and the mean birefringence of the undyed and dyed polyester fibers and (b) the variation of refractive indices and birefringence across the diameter of these fibers. Variation of these optical properties with the dyestuff concentration is determined. Illustrations are given using microinterferograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 929-932 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article describes a method for the measurement of refractive indices and birefringence of fibers. It is used to overcome difficulties in measuring refractive indices of immersion liquids as well as the corrections for dispersion and temperatures. Two fibers are used for each measurement. One is of known refractive index and dispersion properties and the other is of unknown refractive index. A modified mathematical formula is used with a two-beam interference microscope. This technique is applied to two groups of fibers having different ranges of refractive indices. The first group contains seven different products of nylons and the second group contains five different products of polyesters. The calculated refractive indices using this method is compared with those obtained using the established method. Illustrations are given using microinterferograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7231-7235 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The polarizing interference microscope with a modified method is used to determine the refractive indices and birefringence of both layers of fibers having a skin-core structure. This method is applied to nylon 6 and polyester fibers. Two fibers are used for each measurement. The first fiber is of known mean refractive index and dispersion properties. The other fiber is of unknown values of refractive indices of each layer of the fiber. This method can be used for fibers with regular or irregular cross sections. In the latter case the area enclosed under the interference fringe shift represents the optical path difference integrated across the fiber. The obtained results of refractive indices and birefringence are compared with those obtained from the normal method and found to be in good agreement. Illustrations are given by microinterferograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 2597-2604 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Studies of the mechanical and optical properties of undrawn polypropylene fibres by annealing and drawing were performed. The optical properties and strain produced in polypropylene fibres at different conditions were measured interferometrically at room temperature. It was found that as the draw ratio of the fibre increased, its birefringence, Δna, increased at a constant rate, and then nearly levelled off. The refractive index, n ∥, and polarizability, p ∥, increased with different draw ratios; but for fibres annealed at 70 and 100°C, there were no acceptable variations. For fibres annealed at 130°C, n ∥ and p ∥ increased compared to those fibres annealed at 70 and 100°C. An empirical formula has been suggested to explain the relationship between the cross-sectional area of polypropylene fibres with the draw ratio, and the constants of this formula have been determined. The effect of annealing on the refractive index profile of undrawn polypropylene fibres, before and after thermal treatment, was studied. The strain optical coefficient and the Poisson's ratio were calculated over different draw ratios. The results obtained clarify the effect of annealing time and temperature with different draw ratios on the optical behaviour of polypropylene fibres. Microinterferograms are given for illustration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 39 (1996), S. 129-140 
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polypropylene fibres ; annealing ; cold drawing ; refractive index ; birefringence ; orientation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Refractive indices and birefringence changes with strain produced by different stresses in annealed and unannealed polypropylene fibres (4 : 1 draw ratio, 515 tex polypropylene from Bolton, UK) were measured interferometrically. Calculations were carried out using multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the Cauchy's constants, dispersive coefficient and the dielectric constant at infinity. The orientation factor and orientation angle of the fibre material were calculated for different strain values. Poisson's ratio and the strain optical coefficient were also determined. An empirical formula is suggested to correlate the orientation factor, orientation angle, area of cross-section and birefringence with the draw ratio, and the constants of this formula were determined. The effect of the draw ratio on the refractive index profile was studied. Microinterferograms and curves are given as illustrations.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 723-729 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A treatment of the color of fabrics is proposed that is an extension of the Allen and Goldfinger approach to the prediction of the color of absorbing scattering substrates. Here, a model of isotropic cylindrical fibers of a skin-core structure in a parallel array is assumed. Using the proposed model, the spectral reflectance curves of ring dye and uniform dye samples are calculated. Their tristimulas values and the color difference between them are calculated to study the effect of ring distribution of dye in the fiber on color of fabric. Refractive indices of undyed and dyed polyester fibers are measured using the Pluta polarizing interference microscope. Illustration are given by microinterferograms.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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