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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Germ cell tumors ; Gonadal toxicity ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The impact of aggressive chemotherapy on reproductive and endocrine gonadal function was prospectively studied in 44 patients with germ cell tumors. Diagnostic procedures to determine gonadal toxicity consisted of hormone determinations, semen analyses, interviews with a standardized questionnaire, and gonadal histology. After chemotherapy all patients showed elevated serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and azoospermia due to germ cell and stem cell loss. Recovery of spermatogenesis, as indicated by normalization of serum FSH levels and sperm density, occurred in 77% of the patients 25–60 months after cessation of chemotherapy. In all patients serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) values remained within normal limits after therapy indicating resistance of Leydig cells to cytotoxic drugs. Three patients fathered four healthy children after completion of chemotherapy. These data suggest significant reproductive dysfunction in all men treated for germ cell tumors. However, most patients showed late and complete recovery of spermatogenesis. In contrast, endocrine gonadal function was unaffected after chemotherapy in all patients. FSH and LH are feasible markers to assess drug-induced gonadal toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words ESWL ; Initial experience ; Lithostar-Multiline ; Schlüsselwörter ESWL ; Urolithiasis ; Lithostar-Multiline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im September 1994 wurde der HM3-Lithotriptor an unserer Klinik durch den Siemens Lithostar-Multiline ersetzt. Im folgenden wird über die ersten Erfahrungen mit dem neuen Multifunktionslithotriptor berichtet. Das System besteht aus einem elektromagnetischen Stoßwellenemitter (Fokuslänge 80 × 5 mm) und einer digitalen Röntgeneinheit. Die Steinortung erfolgt über einen integrierten C-Arm in der − 10 ° und + 30 ° (koaxial mit dem Stoßwellenfokus) Projektion. Der Behandlungstisch erlaubt endourologische und perkutane auxiliäre Maßnahmen. Von 10/1994 bis 8/1995 wurden 204 Männer und 96 Frauen mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 50,7 (4–92) Jahre, mit dem Lithostar-Multiline behandelt. Der durchschnittliche Steindurchmesser betrug 10,3 (2–70) mm; 53 % waren Harnleiter-, 47 % Nierensteine. 300 Patienten erhielten 480 Behandlungen mit einer durchschnittlichen Stoßwellenanzahl von 3673 (793–8000) Stoßwellen; 92,7 % aller Patienten wurden ohne Prämedikation behandelt; 56 % der Patienten benötigten keinerlei Schmerzmedikation während ESWL. 44 % erhielten 8,1 (2–15) mg Piritramid intravenös. Eine Periduralanästhesie wurde bei 2,3 % der Behandlungen eingesetzt. 95 % der Patienten hatten bei Entlassung spontan abgangsfähige Steinfragmente. Bei 68 % der Behandlungen konnte dies in einer Sitzung erreicht werden. Bei 18,5 % wurde die ESWL zur weiteren Fragmentation der Steinmasse wiederholt, in 11,5 % wegen frustraner Vor-ESWL und bei 2,5 % erfolgte eine erneute Behandlung wegen Abbruch aus technischen Gründen der Vor-ESWL. Bei 2 % der Patienten zeigten sich subkapsuläre Hämatome. Auxiliäre Maßnahmen nach ESWL waren bei 9,2 % der Patienten nötig. Der neue Lithostar-Multiline erzielt eine vergleichbare Effektivität wie der HM3 Lithotriptor, ohne zusätzliche Komplikationen. Auffallend ist der geringe Schmerzmittelbedarf vor und während der Therapie.
    Notes: Summary After 〉 10 000 treatments – our HM3/4 and MPL 9000 have been replaced by the Siemens Lithostar multiline. As a ESWL center with ESWL as the primary treatment indication for all types of stones in kidney and ureter we report our initial experience with this new multifunctional lithotripter. The system consists of an electromagnetic shock-wave emitter (Focus 80 × 5 mm) and a digital fluoroscopy unit. Stone localization is achieved in a − 10° and + 30 ° position without movement of the patient. The treatment table itself allows most endourologic and percutaneous auxiliary procedures. Additionally, an intergrated inline ultrasound is available. From 10/94 to 08/95, 204 male and 96 female patients with a mean age of 50.7 (4–92) years underwent ESWL with the Lithostar multiline. The mean stone diameter was 10.3 (2–20) mm with 53 % ureteral and 47 % renal stones. 300 patients underwent 480 treatments (average shocks 3673, range 793–8000; mean energy level 5.5, range 1–9). Stone localization was achieved after 5 (1–39) min (mean fluoroscopy time 3.1 (0.5–16.2) min). In 92.7 % no analgesic premedication was done. 56 % of the patients needed no analgesics at all during ESWL. 44 % received 8.1 (2–15) mg Piritramid intravenously. Epidural anesthesia was performed in only 2.3 % for a second treatment. 95 % of the patients had complete stone disintegration. In 68 % disintegration was achieved in one session. ESWL was repeated for further disintegration in 18.5 %, because of an unsuccessful treatment in 11.5 % and because of technical interruption of the previous session in 2.5 %. We saw subkapsular haematomas in 2 %. Auxiliary procedures following ESWL were necessary in only 9.2 % of the patients. In situ ESWL with the new Lithostar Multiline seems to be as effective as the Dornier HM3/4. Analgesia-free treatment was performed in more than 50 % of the patients. Auxiliary procedures were less frequently necessary as compared to our previous experience with in situ ESWL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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