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  • Clonal plant  (1)
  • Free radicals  (1)
  • Key words. Glycine; immunoregulation; anti-inflammatory; glycine receptor.  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycine: a new anti-inflammatory immunonutrient (1999)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 56 (1999), S. 843-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Glycine; immunoregulation; anti-inflammatory; glycine receptor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of glycine and its pathophysiological applications are discussed in this review. Glycine has been well characterized in spinal cord as an inhibitory neurotransmitter which activates a glycine-gated chloride channel (GlyR) expressed in postsynaptic membranes. Activation of the channel allows the influx of chloride, preventing depolarization of the plasma membrane and the potentiation of excitatory signals along the axon. Glycine has recently been shown to have similar inhibitory effects on several white blood cells, including hepatic and alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Pharmacological analysis using a GlyR antagonist strychnine, chloride-free buffer, and radiolabeled chloride has provided convincing evidence to support the hypothesis that many white blood cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel with properties similar to the spinal cord GlyR. Molecular analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting has identified the mRNA and protein for the β subunit of the GlyR in total RNA and purified membrane protein from rat Kupffer cells. Dietary glycine is protective in rat models against endotoxemia, liver ischemia-reperfusion, and liver transplantation, most likely by inactivating the Kupffer cell via this newly identified glycine-gated chloride channel. Glycine also prevents the growth of B16 melanomas cell in vivo. Moreover, dietary glycine is protective in the kidney against cyclosporin A toxicity and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glycine may be useful clinically for the treatment of sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, and other diseases with an inflammatory component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050030
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of lipid free radicals by adherent leukocytes from transplanted rat liver (1998)
    Springer
    Transplant international 11 (1998), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Liver transplantation ; rat ; free radicals ; Free radicals ; liver transplantation ; rat ; Adherent leukocytes ; free radicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The production of free radicals in blood correlates with primary nonfunction of transplanted livers, but the source of the free radicals is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if adherent leukocytes in the transplanted liver are responsible for the radicals detected in blood. First, a new method to harvest adherent leukocytes from the liver without enzymatic digestion was developed and characterized by transplanting livers from ethanol-treated rats, which increases primary nonfunction, and from saline-treated controls. Free radicals were then detected in isolated leukocytes using the spin-trapping technique and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin spectroscopy. Livers were perfused with a balanced salt solution (200 ml), followed by a Ca2 + -free solution containing EGTA and heparin (400 ml). Perfusion with Ca2 + -free buffer removed greater than 90 % of all adherent leukocytes from saline-treated livers and nearly 80 % of all leukocytes from fatty livers without removing Kupffer cells. Transplanted fatty livers from rats given ethanol contained significantly more adherent leukocytes (5.0 × 107 cells/liver) than grafts from control donors (3.2 × 107 cells/liver) and almost double the number of adherent neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, adherent white blood cells from transplanted livers produced the same three free radical species that have been detected previously in blood; however, cells from ethanol-treated livers produced about five times more radical adducts. These data show that adherent white blood cells produce free radicals that are important in the mechanism of primary graft nonfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050157
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biennial variation in production of new shoots in groves of the giant bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens in Sichuan, China (1998)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 135 (1998), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Bamboo ; Biennial cycle ; Clonal plant ; Leaf life span ; Population dynamics ; Vegetative reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract (1) The dynamics of vegetative reproduction in the giant bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, at the Nature Reserve of Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing, Subtropical China, are described for a period of 20 years. (2) Production of new bamboo shoots fluctuated significantly among years. In 'good' years, the number and size of new shoots emerging and surviving in the bamboo groves significantly exceeded those in 'poor' years. Moreover, good and poor years often alternated, forming a regular biennial cycle. (3) The biennial cycle resulted from the year-to-year variation in the number of adult shoots carrying new leaves. This is based on the fact that the leaf life span of the bamboo is two years, and all leaves on a shoot have been formed simultaneously. Mean number of new shoots emerging and surviving per plot was positively correlated with the proportion of adult shoots carrying new (one year old) leaves. The annual production of new shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens was not significantly correlated with the annual values of logging intensity of bamboo poles, rainfall or temperature. The survival rate of new shoots was constant over years. (4) Severe pests (e.g., plague of locusts), extreme drought or heavy overlogging of adult shoots with new leaves can be triggers of poor production of new shoots during the following spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009761428401
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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