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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 74 (2000), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Methanol ; EEG ; Threshold limit value ; Color word stress test ; Exposure chamber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Even low concentrations of organic solvents may cause acute effects on the human central nervous system. The German MAK (threshold limit value) of methanol is 200 ppm. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute exposure to 200 ppm methanol causes adverse effects, measured by EEG, and moreover, whether it is possible to differentiate between sedative and excitatory effects with this method. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were exposed for 4 h to 200 ppm and to 20 ppm (control) in an exposure chamber in a cross-over design. The EEG was recorded before (reference) and at the end of each exposure with, the subject's eyes closed and opened and during a choice reaction test (color word stress test). Spectral power was calculated by fast Fourier transformation. Subjective symptoms and effects of blinding with 20 ppm methanol were assessed by questionnaires. Results: The study was a single-blind one. During subjects' exposure to 200 ppm, their scores for prenarcotic and irritating symptoms were not different from controls. In the closed-eye condition of subjects, the spectral power of the θ-band and of some electrodes of the δ-band was significantly less at the end of exposure to 200 ppm, than that of controls. In the open-eye condition and during the color word stress test no significant changes were found. Conclusion: The changes in the θ-band suggest a slight excitatory effect of 200 ppm methanol. The effect was weak, as scores of acute symptoms did not change. With respect to our results, it is not necessary for the MAK value to be decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 376 (1991), S. 222-227 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Partial gastrectomy ; B–I partial gastrectomy ; Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy ; Gastric emptying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Hausschweinen wurden 2/3-Magenresektionen mit erhaltener sowie ausgeschalteter Duodenalpassage durchgeführt, die Magenentleerung szintigraphisch über 4 h gemessen und einer Vergleichsgruppe nichtresezierter Tiere gegenübergestellt. Für die halbfeste, mit 99mTc markierte Testmahlzeit fanden sich experimentell keine Hinweise für eine verzögerte Magenentleerung nach Ausschaltung der Duodenalpassage durch Roux-Rekonstruktion. B-I- and B-II-Roux-Resektion differierten in der Magenentleerung nicht. Die Längenänderung der bei der Roux-Rekonstruktion verwendeten Jejunumschlinge von 40 auf 20 cm hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Magenentleerung. Die Roux-Rekonstruktion mit trunkulärer Vagotomie führte — bei jedoch großer individueller Streubreite — im Vergleich zur B–I-Resektion zu einer Beschleunigung der Magenentleerung. Die mittlere Restaktivität im Magen betrug nach 240 min für die Kontrollgruppe (n=5) 47,8%, nach B–I-Resektion (n=5) 78,9%, nach Roux-Rekonstruktion mit 40 cm-Schlinge (n=5) 59,0%, nach Roux-Rekonstruktion mit 20 cm-Schlinge (n = 5) 38,1 % and nach Roux-Resektion mit trunkularer Vagotomie (n=4) 20,9%.
    Notes: Summary On domestic pigs 2/3 gastrectomies with retention and elimination of the duodenal passage were carried out. Postprandial gastric emptying was measured scintigraphically for 4 h and compared with a control group (laparotomy only). For the semi-solid, 99mTc-labeled test meal delayed gastric emptying after elimination of the duodenal passage by Roux reconstruction could not be shown. There was no difference in gastric emptying between B-I and Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy. Also alteration of the length of the jejunum loop from 40 to 20 cm after Roux-en-Y reconstruction had no influence on gastric emptying. Roux reconstruction (40 cm loop) in combination with truncal vagotomy led to a non-uniform gastric emptying, but there was a statistically proven acceleration compared with B-I resection. After 240 min the mean residual intragastric activity of the control group (n=5) was 47.8%, 78.9% after B–I resection (n=5), 59% after Roux reconstruction with 40 cm jejunal loop (n=5), 38.1% after Roux reconstruction with 20 cm jejunal loop (n=5) and 20.9% after Roux-en-Y (40 cm loop) with truncal vagotomy (n = 4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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