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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence, distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1554-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; neuropeptide Y ; radioimmunoassay ; rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964804
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological analysis endocrine tumour genesis in pancreas and anterior pituitary of AVP/SV40 transgenic mice (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: AVP/SV40 transgenic mice ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insulin ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Large T-antigen ; Heterochromatin ; Dysplasia ; Neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insertion into the mouse genome of the hybrid oncogene made up of bovine vasopressin gene derived 5′ upstream sequences and the coding sequences of SV40 large T-antigen promoted tumours in anterior pituitary and endocrine pancreas of mice bearing this transgene. In order to investigate the morphology of the steps in the neoplastic process, we used light and electron microscopy to study these organs in 42 animals belonging to the 3rd, 4th and 5th generations, subdivided into 4 age groups from 20 days to 100 days of life. Antibodies to large T-antigen were used to identify sites of expression of the hybrid oncogene, thus monitoring the steps in neoplastic transformation. Large T-antigen immunoreactivity was identified in dysplastic lesions of younger animals and in both dysplastic lesions and tumours of older mice. Insulin (100% of cases) and pancreatic polypeptide (25% of cases) immunoreactivities were revealed in pancreatic lesions but no hormonal immunoreactivity was detected in the pituitary lesions. The ultrastructural study confirmed that the majority cell population of the pancreatic neoplasms was B-type and that the anterior pituitary tumours were poorly granulated. The subcellular localization of large T-antigen immunoreactivity was investigated by the immunogold method and was confined to the heterochromatin of tumour cell nuclei. These findings provide evidence for the dysplasia-neoplasia sequence in the genesis of endocrine tumours of pituitary and pancreas of transgenic mice. The vasopressin-SV40 large T-antigen transgenic mice may therefore be an useful model for the study of endocrine cell oncogenesis,
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of neuronal and glial markers in retinoblastoma (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; GFAP ; NSE ; Retinoblastoma ; S-100
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunocytochemical study of 30 retinoblastomas was carried out using antibodies to neuronal and glial markers. The tumours were found to react with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a marker for neuronal elements, and S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), both of which are proteins present in glia. Two distinct cell populations were found within the tumour: the first, composed of anaplastic tumour cells at various stages of differentiation, showed both NSE and S-100 immunoreactivity; the second cell type, which immunostained for S-100 and GFAP, resembled mature glial cells. The results of this study indicate that the retinoblastoma may arise from a pluripotential primitive cell partially retaining neuronal and glial characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704251
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and glial markers in tumours of neuroblastic origin (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton components ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuroblastomas ; NSE ; S-100 ; Tyrosine hydroxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of different neural markers in 30 neuroblastic tumours (neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastomas) and 6 non-neuroblastic tumours were investigated by immunocytochemistry. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were localized in 3 undifferentiated neuroblastic tumours (group A), 12 poorly differentiated tumours (group B) and 15 well differentiated neuroblastic tumours (group C). Non-neuroblastic tumours (3 lymphomas and 3 Ewing sarcomas) showed no immunoreactivity. Tyrosine hydroxylase and, in particular, NSE were found in mature ganglion cells and developing neuroblasts of poorly and well differentiated tumours (groups B and C). S-100 was localised in neuroblasts with slender cytoplasmic processes in the same groups. Neurofilaments were detected in ganglion cells and differentiated neuroblasts (groups B and C) while GFAP was localised in immature neuroblasts of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tumours (groups A and B). Thus, there are differences in the neural proteins found in neuroblastic tumours and a wide panel of antibodies against neural markers may be a useful tool in the histological assessment of nervous system neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694896
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive innervation of aganglionic bowel in Hirschsprung's disease (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease ; Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathophysiology of Hirschsprung's disease has not been fully elucidated but is known to have a neurogenic basis. In recent years, new neural proteins and peptides have been discovered and our aim in this study was to use immunocytochemistry to investigate their involvement in the neuronal abnormalities associated with this condition. Large bowel samples from 9 children undergoing surgery for Hirschsprung's disease were compared with those taken from 8 children with other gastrointestinal diseases but no aganglionosis. Immunocytochemistry was carried out using antibodies to a wide range of neuron specific proteins and peptides. Examination of sections immunostained for the general neuronal markers, protein gene product 9.5, neuron specific enolase and neurofilament triplet proteins, allowed rapid identification of aganglionic segments. Nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide histidine methionine (VIP/PHM), galanin, substance P, somatostatin, met-enkephalin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) showed a marked reduction in all layers of the aganglionic bowel. However, scattered VIP/PHM immunoreactive fibres were also found in the hypertrophied nerve bundles. In contrast with these reduced peptide-containing nerves, fibres displaying NPY immunoreactivity showed a marked increase in all aganglionic segments, particularly in the circular muscle where few are found normally. Our findings shed further light on the neurobiology of aganglionic bowel and suggest that immunostaining of neural proteins and the peptide NPY can aid rapid histopathological diagnosis of congenital aganglionosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713383
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-localisation of substance P-, bombesin-and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-like peptides in gut endocrine cells of the dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 605-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dogfish ; Peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gastrointestinal ; Co-localisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gastrointestinal tract of cartilaginous fishes, like that of higher vertebrates, is known to contain endocrine cells and nerves immunoreactive for a wide variety of peptides, some of which have been structurally characterised. Since we have found that substance P-, bombesin-and peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivities are similarly distributed in the endocrine cells of the dogfish pyloric stomach, we have tried to establish whether any of these peptides are co-localised. The cells were compared in thin serial sections with both ligh-and electron microscopical immunocytochemistry. Double immunolabelling was also used to show two immunoreactive peptides in the same tissue section. Further characterisation of the immunoreactivity was attempted by preabsorbing the antibodies with various peptides or synthetic fragments of peptide molecules. Immunoreactivity for all three peptides was frequently present in the same cells, whereas antibodies to other peptides such as gastrin and somatostatin marked different cells. Electron microscopy indicated that all the secretory granules in three morphologically different cell types reacted with antibodies to all three peptides. Dual localisation of unrelated peptides in endocrine cells or nerves is established in many cases, but triple localisation is as yet unusual. The immunoreaction for bombesin-like peptides is different in endocrine cells and nerves, indicating that dogfish bombesin may be present in two forms, in agreement with biochemical evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315702
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of VIP in the pancreas of man and rat (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; radioimmunoassay ; pancreas ; gut hormones ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary VIP has powerful stimulatory effects on both endocrine and exocrine pancreas but its localisation within the gland has not been established. In this study, human pancreas was obtained fresh at surgery (eleven) or within four hours of death (seven). The pancreas was also removed from rats (twenty-two). Immunocytochemical staining showed VIP to be present in fine nerve fibres in all areas of the pancreas. Many fibres were seen in the exocrine pancreas, running between the acini, and around ducts and blood vessels. In addition, dense networks of fibres were observed forming meshes around islets and occasional ganglia were found containing immunoreactive cell bodies. In general, there were fewer VIP fibres in the rat pancreas than in the human, but overall distribution was identical. The mean VIP content of whole human pancreatic tissue was 42±10 pmol/g wet weight (38±9 pmol/g in head, 49±6 pmol/g in body and 42±11 pmol/g in tail). Whole rat pancreatic tissue contained 28±7 pmol/g wet weight while preparations of isolated islets were found to contain 374±30 pmol/g. It is possible that the heavy VIP innervation of the islets described here indicates a role in the regulation of islet hormone release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased populations of endocrine cells in Crohn's ileitis (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 410 (1987), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; Immunocytochemistry ; Endocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyperplasia of nerves has been described previously in Crohn's disease. To determine whether similar alteration of the enteric endocrine system occurs, endocrine cells of the ileal epithelium were quantified in typical cases of the disease. In the ileum from patients with Crohn's disease, there was an increase in the endocrine cell population, as visualised by immunostaining of chromogranin. Quantification of endocrine cell numbers showed significant increases in both macroscopically uninvolved (i.e. histologically normal) (35.0±3.8, cells per unit length of muscularis mucosae mean ±SEM,P〈0.05) and involved (44.5±5.5,P〈0.01) Crohn's disease samples, compared with normal controls (23.7±3.4). Although individual types of endocrine cell showed slight increases in Crohn's samples, only the enterochromaffin cells in abnormal bowel showed a significantly greater population (normal controls 10.5±2.3; involved Crohn's 21.3±4.4,P〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712758
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in retinas of frog and goldfish (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Retina ; Immunocytochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in rat, rabbit, chick, frog and goldfish retinas was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Positive results were observed only in the frog and goldfish retinas. NPY immunoreactivity was associated with a small population of amacrine cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer and cell processes in the inner plexiform layer of both retinas. In the frog retina, three distinct layers containing immunoreactivity were observed in the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the immunoreactivity in the same area of the goldfish retina was more or less separated into two layers. Convincing evidence could not be found for the co-existence of NPY-like material with other putative transmitter-like substances in the two retinas. Radioimmunoassay revealed the presence of small amounts of NPY-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina; the goldfish and frog retinas contained significantly more immunoreactive material. High performance liquid chromatography of the immunoreactive material in frog and goldfish retinas showed each retina containing different molecular forms of NPY-like proteins, neither of which resembled porcine NPY or PYY. The endogenous NPY-like material of the frog retina can be released by potassium depolarisation in a calciumdependent way. In view of all these data an NPY-like protein must now be considered a potential retinal transmitter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214587
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