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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ; Spinal projection neuron ; Hypophyseal projection neuron ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of labeled neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) was studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord (C8 to T1) or the hypophysis in the rat. Injections were also made in the spinal cord in another group of animals, which were subjected to water deprivation for a period of 3 days, and the PVN of these animals was examined with the electron microscope. Spinal projection neurons (paraventriculospinal tract, PVST, neurons) formed two groups; the dorsal and the ventral groups. They were located within the parvocellular part of the PVN and fused into one at the caudal level. The neurons of the dorsal group were well assembled whereas those of the ventral group were intermingled with paraventriculohypophyseal tract (PVHT) neurons, which were concentrated in the magnocellular part. Electron microscopic observations revealed that HRP-labeled neurons after spinal injections did not contain neurosecretory granules and that they were not affected by water deprivation. On the other hand, neurons containing a number of neurosecretory granules displayed a significant degree of dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum as the result of water deprivation. These neurons contained no HRP granules. The present findings suggest that the PVST neurons are distinct from the PVHT neurons and that the neuronal groups of both systems form different cell columns within the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaque ; Morphology ; Familial Alzheimer's disease ; Methenamine-Bodian method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and morphology of senile plaques (SPs) in the cerebral cortices and subcortical nuclei of six cases of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined using the Methenamine-Bodian method and compared with those of sporadic AD cases. SPs were grouped into three types according to their morphology. SP types were generally constant at each anatomical site in all of the cases. The SPs of familial cases, however, had a greater tendency to fuse together than those of sporadic cases, especially in the cingulate cortex, presubiculum and striatum. This tendency was more evident in cases with severe amyloid angiopathy. Here it appeared that a SP type corresponding to “diffuse plaques” at least in part, might be formed by transformation from another type. In the globus pallidus, all the familial cases had many compact-like plaques which appeared to be derived from “drusige Entartung” of the capillaries. Furthermore, the regional proportion of two types of SPs occuring in this nucleus varied along its anteroposterior axis. These findings may be the histological hallmarks of atypical AD rather than familial AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Senile plaque ; Alzheimer's disease ; Brain stem ; Distribution ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology, incidence and distribution of senile plaques in the brain stem were examined in 15 cases of Alzheimer's disease, using mainly the Methenamine-Bodian method. The plaques were found in all cases and were grouped into three types according to their morphology. They were not randomly scattered in the brain stem, but had a distribution common to all cases. There were numerous plaques in the periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, fourth-ventricle floor and superior central nucleus. The plaques were also found less abundantly in the reticular formation, substantia nigra, pontine nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus. There was a tendency for certain plaque types to be associated with specific regions. In the familial cases, the plaques tended to occur even in the regions where they were rare in other cases. The capillaries with plaque-like degeneration were observed not infrequently in the brain stem. The distribution of plaques did not always coincide with that of neurofibrillary tangles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody (mabQ113) ; Zebrin I ; Purkinje cells ; Spinocerebellar projections ; Central cervical nucleus ; Cholera toxin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the topographic relationship between the sagittal bands of zebrin I immunoreactive Purkinje cells revealed by a monoclonal antibody, mabQ113, and the distribution of spinocerebellar fibers originating from the central cervical nucleus in the rat. The mossy fiber terminals were anterogradely labeled following injections of cholera toxin subunit B into the C1–C3 segments and visualized immunohistochemically. Zebrin I positive Purkinje cells appeared in seven sagittal bands (P1+ to P7+ bands). In lobules I–V of the anterior lobe, labeled mossy fiber terminals were distributed in the midline region, subjacent to the P1+ bands and at around 0.5 mm from the midline region, subjacent to the P2+ band in the lateral A1 to the medial A2 zones of Voogd et al. (1985). Labeled terminals were seen in the entire B zone and those distributed in its medial part were related to the P3+ band. In lobule VIII, labeled terminals were seen subjacent to the P1+, P2+ and P3+ bands, which were located in the lateral A1–A3 (or B) zones. In the copula pyramidis, labeled terminals appeared subjacent to the P4+, P5+ and the P6+ bands in the C1 and C2 zones (or the C1-C3 zones). Although the labeled terminals were seen beneath the zebrin I positive bands, the borders of terminal distribution were not well-delineated, and did not respect the borders of zebrin I positive bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 356-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Central canal ; Substantia grisea centralis ; Propriospinal afferents ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Area X (the tenth area) of the spinal cord is a region surrounding the central canal and extending throughout the spinal cord length. Using anterograde and retrograde labeling techniques, ascending propriospinal projections to area X were examined in the rat. For anterograde tracing of axons, biotinylated dextran was injected into middle-thoracic, lumbar, or sacral-caudal segments. Unilateral injections resulted in bilateral labeling of terminals in area X of all segments rostral to the injections. The distribution of labeled terminals was conspicuous in regions dorsal and lateral to the central canal. The labeled axons were derived from the ventrolateral and the lateral cord. They coursed through lamina VII, giving off terminal axons. While giving off terminal axons in area X, they coursed further rostrally or caudally along the central canal or crossed over the central canal to terminate in the contralateral area X. Possible cells of origin of these ascending afferents were examined after injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into regions surrounding the central canal (area X) at the cervical or thoracic level. Retrogradely labeled neurons were consistently seen in area X, and laminae VII and VIII of the thoracic and lumbar segments. The present study shows that ascending propriospinal axons project to area X of all spinal levels rostral to the cells of origin and suggests that some of these afferents may originate from neurons in area X and laminae VII and VIII. Based on previous data, it is surmised that area X functions, through these intricate interconnections, as a site for integration or modulation of somatic or nociceptive and visceroceptive sensation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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