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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (34)
  • carbon fiber  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1315-1322 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: aromatic polyhydrazides ; heat-resistant polymers ; synthesis ; thermal analysis ; structure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of new aromatic polyetheraroylhydrazides incorporating 4-oxybenzoyl units has been synthesized, whose general formula was [CONHNHCO—O—O-(CH2)x—O—phenyl O-CONHNHCOO]n with x values in the range of 2 to 12. The increasing number of methylene units in the backbone gave rise to polymers which melted before the hydrazidic linkage underwent thermal cyclation to oxadiazole. Moreover, many polymers showed multiple endotherms on melting. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed a crystalline organization of polyhydrazides for methylene units above 4. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2415-2415 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: composite ; carbon fiber ; epoxy ; electrical resistivity ; electromagnetic shielding ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper reports results on the electrical properties of laminated epoxy composite containing 25 layers of carbon fibers in the form of mats. The dependence of the activation energy (calculated from DC resistivity measurements) on temperature reveals two independent conduction processes. The AC impedance is independent of the applied frequency below 75°C, and the real componet of the dielectric constant is also independent of temperature at high frequencies. The determined shielding effectiveness is dominated by the insertion loss. The observed optimum shielding effectiveness occurs at 30 mm spacing and applied frequency 9 GHz.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 57-67 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Influence of spinning velocities on the mechanical and structural properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/nylon 6 blend fibers have been reported. Fibers of PET/nylon 6 containing a small percentage of nylon (5% by weight) have been melt-spun at 3 different spinning velocities (2,900; 3,200; 3,600 m/min). The fibers have been characterized by thermal, morphological, structrual, and mechanical analysis. Various techniques such as SEM, DSC, X-ray diffraction, hot water shrinkage (HWS), viscosity, and birefringence have been used. SEM analysis revealed that in the blend, nylon 6 is well-dispersed as spheres in the PET matrix. The blend shows a marked decrease in the melt-flow index, which in turn leads to a beneficial effect on the rheological properties of the PET without negatively influencing its mechanical characteristics. This finding results in a saving on energetical requirements of the processing, as both temperature and pressure of spinning can be decreased. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 2107-2119 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An amino-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer was chemically modified into a maleim-ido-terminated rubber and was used as a toughening agent for an unsaturated polyester resin. The reactive rubber was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical and fracture properties of the blends containing the unmodified and the modified rubbers were investigated. Furthermore, a morphological analysis was carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A substantial enhancement of toughness was found when the modified rubber was used in place of the plain copolymer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1825-1837 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A polyisobutene rubber was modified by grafting succinic anhydride onto its end groups and has been used as a toughening agent for an unsaturated polyester resin. Both the functionalization and the successive reaction between the modified rubber and the polyester was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The yield behavior of the cured resins was studied by compression measurements, while the fracture properties were determined at low and high strain rate. A morphological analysis of the investigated blends has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A considerable enhancement of tougheness has been achieved when the modified rubber was used in place of the plain polyisobutene. The effect was found to depend on the grafting degree of the rubber and on the time period during which the two-component mixture was allowed to react prior to the curing process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1883-1892 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present work, blends between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) rubbers obtained by in situ polymerization of the acrylic monomer in the presence of the rubber have been investigated by linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), by Charpy impact tests, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particularly, a correlation among molecular weight and composition of the EVA rubbers, phase structure development, and, consequently, mechanical impact properties of the resulting blends has been drawn.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 631-643 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethane poly(amido-amine) (PUPA) is a modified polyurethane whose chains are crosslinked with those of a tertiary aminic polymer [poly(amido-amine) (N2LL)] by the bifunctional agent hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMDI). PUPA is capable of complexing heparin; a behavior that is related to the presence of poly(amido-amine). The effect of the chemical composition of the starting mixture and/or the reaction time on the morphology and physical properties was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical experiments, x-ray, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection analyses. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 387-404 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The phase morphology and structure of thermoplastic elastomers obtained from isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and ethylene - propylene random copolymer (EPR) blends by means of the dynamic curing of EPR rubbery component carried out during its melt mixing with iPP in a Banbury mixer at 180°C were investigated. Samples obtained by compression molding and by using isothermal crystallization conditions of the iPP phase were analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry, of optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, and of wide-angle and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The influence of cooling below the melting point and of EPR molecular structure on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to crystallization process of the iPP phase was also studied. It was found that the process of dynamic curing of the EPR component dramatically affects the development of the phase morphology and structure in the material. As a matter of fact, the blend containing the uncured EPR is characterized by the presence of iPP domains randomly distributed in the EPR rubbery matrix, whereas in the blend containing the cured EPR the iPP phase becomes the continuous phase crystallizing in a structure that resembles a cobweb tending to surround the EPR cured particles; moreover such an iPP cobweb appears to be contituted by row structures of stacked lamellae. It was found that the addition of EPR phase interferes dramatically with the crystallization process of the iPP, thus inducing drastic modification in its intrinsic morphology (size, neatness, regularity of spherulites, inner structure of spherulites, etc.). Such interference was found to be comparatively stronger when the iPP phase crystallizes in presence of cured EPR. The elastic behavior of the thermoplastic elastomer material was accounted for by applying the “leaf spring model” to the morphology and structure of the iPP phase crystallized in presence of cured EPR. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 151 (1972), S. 169-187 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Zuge von Untersuchungen über die Faltungsstruktur bei Kristallen ungesättigter polymerer Kohlenwasserstoffe und über die Beziehungen zwischen Kristallmorphologie und Abbauprozessen wurden Einkristalle von Polydodecenamer und Polydecenamer dem oxydativen Angriff durch Ozon und durch Salpetersäure ausgesetzt. Aus der zeitlichen Änderung des Gehaltes an Doppelbindungen (IR) und der Molekulargewichtsverteilung (GPC) folgt, daß auch Doppelbindungen tief im Inneren der Kristalle in einem solchen Ausmaß angegriffen werden, daß eine Unterscheidung zu dem an der Kristalloberfläche stattfindenden Abbau nicht mehr klar möglich ist. (Dieser Befund steht im Gegensatz zu analogen Untersuchungen über die Spaltung von Einfachbindungen beim Polyäthylen.) Der Angriff erfolgt jedoch auch nicht rein statistisch. Es entsteht vielmehr ein kristallines Dimeres, das trotz vorhandener Doppelbindungen sehr resistent gegenüber dem vollständigen Abbau ist. Die Gründe für dieses unerwartete Verhalten werden diskutiert, wobei auch die Möglichkeit von besonders ideal-kristallinen Untereinheiten, die viel kleiner sind als die gewöhnlich betrachteten Modelle von Kristallen aus gefalteten Ketten, in Betracht gezogen wird. Im Gegensatz zu den leicht zugänglichen Doppelbindungen in den Kristallen der Polyalkylenamere wird für die gelegentlich in den Polyäthylenketten vorkommenden Doppelbindungen bestatigt, daß sie gegenüber dem Angriff durch Ozon dann weitestgehend abgeschirmt sind, wenn sie im Kristallgitter eingeschlossen sind, und das, obwohl die Kristallstruktur derjenigen der Polyalkylenameren sehr ähnlich ist. In Verbindung mit ähnlichen Ergebnissen für Guttapemha7 scheint es so, daß die leichtc Zugänglichkeit gegenüber Ozon eine Eigentümlichkeit der Kristalle solcher Polymeren ist, bei denen das Ungesättigtsein eine wirklich charakteristischc Eigenschaft der Moleküle ist.
    Notes: As part of an enquiry on the fold structure of crystals from unsaturated chains and on the relation between crystal morphology and degradation, single crystals of two polyalkenamers were subjected to oxidative attack by ozone, and to a lesser extent by nitric acid, and the resulting changes in the concentration of double bonds and the distribution of molecular lengths were followed. It was found that double bonds were attacked deep within the crystal without a clear distinction between the fold surface and the crystal interior in contrast to the analogous studies involving the severance of single bonds in polyethylene. Nevertheless, the attack does not follow a random pattern but leads to a crystalline dimeric residue which remains highly resistant in spite of containing double bonds. The implications of this unexpected finding, which include the possibility of a highly perfect crystalline subunit much smaller than involved in the much argued models of chain folded crystals, are discussed. It is reconfirmed that the occasional intrachain double bonds in polyethylene are largely shielded from ozone while in the lattice in contrast to the high accessibility of these bonds in the present polyalkenamers of closely similar crystal structure. In view of similar results on guttapercha7 it appears that the latter property may be a feature common to polymer crystals where the unsaturation is intrinsic to the molecule.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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