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  • plasma concentration  (2)
  • Pulmonary artery catheter  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide in children and adults with epilepsy (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide ; plasma concentration ; CSF concentration ; children ; adult
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide were measured in 37 children and 13 adults with epilepsy during maintenance therapy. The children formed relatively more of the epoxy metabolite than adults. The daily dose, expressed as mg/kg or mg/m2, showed a statistically significant correlation with blood level in children, but not in adults. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in nine children were 33 and 41 per cent, respectively, of the concomitant plasma level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562904
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam: Effect of age and diseases (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrazepam ; epilepsy ; age ; disease ; plasma concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of nitrazepam were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in: young healthy volunteers, in geriatric and psychiatric patients and in epileptic children. The disposition of nitrazepam was described in terms of a two-compartment open model. After a single oral dose of nitrazepam 5 mg the most prominent differences between the experimental groups were in the β-phase half-life-mean 29 h in the young volunteers and 40 h in geriatric patients, and in the apparent volume of distribution during the β-phase of 2.4 vs 4.8 l/kg. Total plasma clearance and the average steady state concentration in both groups were equal. The plasma level rose at a rate proportional to the β-phase half-life, and so, they were achieved more rapidly in the young than in the old subjects (3.5 vs 7.5 d). No change in steady-state level or in the half-life of nitrazepam were found during long term treatment, which indicates lack of enzyme induction or inhibition. In 95% of the epileptic children with a good to fair clinical response, the plasma concentration of nitrazepam was 40–180 ng/ml (mean 114 ng/ml). As all of the patients were on combined antiepileptic therapy, no attempt was made to correlate plasma level with therapeutic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563100
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current practice regarding invasive monitoring in intensive care units in Finland (1991)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 264-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Monitoring ; Critical care ; Artery cannula ; Pulmonary artery catheter ; Central venous catheter ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As part of a nationwide evaluation of intensive care, we examined patient- and hospital-related factors which could influence the patterns of utilization of arterial cannulae and central venous and pulmonary artery catheters. We also studied the possible impact of these interventions on the short-term outcome among 14951 consecutive ICU admissions to 25 intensive care units (75% of all ICU beds) in Finland. There was considerable variation between individual units in the use of these devices even if the differences in severity of illness were taken into account. Arterial cannulation was used in 71.2%, PA catheterization in 10.6% and CVP monitoring in 49.3% of cases in teaching ICUs, excluding cardiac surgery, and in 38.5%, 2.6% and 33.1% of cases in nonteaching ICUs respectively. The factors predicting the use of invasive monitoring included extensive surgery causing a risk of cardiovascular instability, needs for mechanical ventilation, infusion of vasoactive drugs and complicated fluid therapy. Cardiovascular problems among non-operative patients increased the odds for PA catheterization but reduced them for arterial and CV cannulation. No clear-cut benefit could be found in the form of hospital mortality reduction from invasive haemodynamic monitoring, used as described in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01713935
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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