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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infant mortality in a region of Finland, 1968–1982 (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Infant mortality ; Neonatal mortality ; Postneonatal mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infant mortality in a region of Finland with about 450000 people and 5400 annual births was examined during a 15-year period, 1968–1982. Total infant mortality declined from 15.8 per 1000 live births in 1968 to 5.0 in 1982. The lowering of neonatal mortality accounted for the decline, as postneonatal mortality remained at the same level throughout the study period. Despite a decrease of nearly 80%, perinatal disorders remained the leading category of primary causes of death. Mortality from congenital malformations decreased by 50%, mortality from sudden infant death syndrome increased from 0.2 to 0.9 per 1000 live births while mortality from accidents, infectious diseases and other diseases remained minor causes of death with no change in frequency. In the low birth weight category, postponement of deaths from early to late neonatal and postneonatal periods occurred, but total infant mortality in the low birth weight category declined by about 60%. During the last two 3-year periods, decrease in birth weight-specific infant mortality was found in the 500–999 g and 〉2500 g categories. The reasonably high standard of living, good educational level of mothers, well organized primary maternal and child health services and the rapid advances in obstetric and neonatal care equally available and regionalized, have contributed to the favourable progress in infant mortality in Finland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02429044
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide in children and adults with epilepsy (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide ; plasma concentration ; CSF concentration ; children ; adult
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide were measured in 37 children and 13 adults with epilepsy during maintenance therapy. The children formed relatively more of the epoxy metabolite than adults. The daily dose, expressed as mg/kg or mg/m2, showed a statistically significant correlation with blood level in children, but not in adults. The cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in nine children were 33 and 41 per cent, respectively, of the concomitant plasma level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562904
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam: Effect of age and diseases (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitrazepam ; epilepsy ; age ; disease ; plasma concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of nitrazepam were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in: young healthy volunteers, in geriatric and psychiatric patients and in epileptic children. The disposition of nitrazepam was described in terms of a two-compartment open model. After a single oral dose of nitrazepam 5 mg the most prominent differences between the experimental groups were in the β-phase half-life-mean 29 h in the young volunteers and 40 h in geriatric patients, and in the apparent volume of distribution during the β-phase of 2.4 vs 4.8 l/kg. Total plasma clearance and the average steady state concentration in both groups were equal. The plasma level rose at a rate proportional to the β-phase half-life, and so, they were achieved more rapidly in the young than in the old subjects (3.5 vs 7.5 d). No change in steady-state level or in the half-life of nitrazepam were found during long term treatment, which indicates lack of enzyme induction or inhibition. In 95% of the epileptic children with a good to fair clinical response, the plasma concentration of nitrazepam was 40–180 ng/ml (mean 114 ng/ml). As all of the patients were on combined antiepileptic therapy, no attempt was made to correlate plasma level with therapeutic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563100
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migraine in children – an evaluation of the IHS criteria (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to compare the new criteria by the International Headache Society (IHS) with criteria for the definition of childhood migraine previously used. In particular, we considered the problem of the minimally acceptable headache duration in children. In a postal questionnaire, 36.5% of 3580 children 8–9 years old reported headache attacks. Ninety-five children (2.7%) fulfilled the IHS criteria. Three percent fulfilled the previously used migraine definition of Vahlquist. Some of the children in the latter group had considerably shorter headache attacks than those of the IHS patients, but otherwise their symptoms were very similar. When the IHS criterion of headache attack duration was lowered from a minimum of 2 h to 1 h, or omitted, the number of migraine patients increased from 95 to 114 and 127, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1404285.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychobiology Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 599-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It is not yet clear whether humans are able to learn while they are sleeping. Here we show that full-term human newborns can be taught to discriminate between similar vowel sounds when they are fast asleep. It is possible that such sleep training soon after birth could find application in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415599b
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-level determination of EDTA and DTPA in natural waters by gas chromatography (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 42 (1996), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; EDTA determination ; DTPA determination ; Water analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new analytical method and the method validation for the determination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in lake and sea water is presented. An aqueous sample, after evaporation to dryness, was treated with an esterification reagent. The resulting ethyl ester derivates were determined by capillary gas chromatography using a nitrogen phosphorus specific detector (GC-NPD). The response was linear up to 5 mg L−1. The recoveries from lake and sea waters were 59–105 % for EDTA and 86–112 % for DTPA. The run-to-run repeatabilities (R.S.D.) were 2–8 % for EDTA and 4–11 % for DTPA depending on concentration and the reproducibilities (R.S.D.) were 6–13 % and 3–11 %, respectively. The limits of detection for EDTA and DTPA were 3 and 12 μg L−1 in distilled water, respectively. The method is simple to use and reliable as shown by the analysis of samples of lake water that is influenced by pulp and paper industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290295
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic basis of adaptation: flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 573-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words QTL-mapping ; Adaptation ; Flowering time ; Arabidopsis thaliana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have mapped QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for an adaptive trait, flowering time, in a selfing annual, Arabidopsis thaliana. To obtain a mapping population we made a cross between an early-summer, annual strain, Li-5, and an individual from a late over-wintering natural population, Naantali. From the backcross to Li-5 298 progeny were grown, of which 93 of the most extreme individuals were genotyped. The data were analysed with both interval mapping and composite interval mapping methods to reveal one major and six minor QTLs, with at least one QTL on each of the five chromosomes. The QTL on chromosome 4 was a major one with an effect of 17.3 days on flowering time and explaining 53.4% of the total variance. The others had effects of at most 6.5 days, and they accounted for only small portions of the variance. Epistasis was indicated between one pair of the QTLs. The result of finding one major QTL and little epistasis agrees with previous studies on flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. That several QTLs were found was expected considering the large number of possible candidate loci. In the light of the suggested genetic models of gene action at the candidate loci, epistasis was to be expected. The data showed that major QTLs for adaptive traits can be detected in non-domesticated species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050598
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    6. Micronutrients and the agroecology of tropical and Mediterranean regions (1985)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 7 (1985), S. 151-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048999
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