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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioned taste aversion and conditioned drinking: Two independent and opposing effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan? (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 5-Hydroxytryptophan ; Benserazide ; Xylamidine ; Drinking ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Conditioned drinking ; Saline ; Saccharin ; One-bottle test ; Two-bottle test ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four experiments were carried out to examine the effects of 5-HTP in a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. Using two-choice tests to measure the CTA, administration of 5-HTP following consumption of a novel flavour caused aversions to saline and saccharin solutions. In single-choice tests 5-HTP reduced consumption of saccharin, sugar cubes and beef-flavoured stock cubes, but only reduced saline consumption if animals had been pretreated with the 5-HTP decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide or the 5-HT receptor antagonist xylamidine, both of which act peripherally. Benserazide did not attenuate the CTA in any experiment. The results are interpreted in terms of two competing behavioural effects of 5-HTP: a centrally-mediated CTA and a peripherally-mediated conditioned drinking response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172875
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: A behavioural and neuropharmacological analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 87 (1985), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Haloperidol ; Thioridazine ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anorectic effects of apomorphine were studied in a microstructural analysis paradigm. Low doses of apomorphine (〈0.1 mg/kg SC) reduced food intake, by reducting both the rate of eating and eating time. The neuroleptics haloperidol and thioridazine blocked the effect of apomorphine on eating time, but not on eating rate. Anorectic effects elicited by apomorphine administration to the ventral tegmental area and, to a lesser extent, the substantia nigra were mediated by a selective reduction of eating time. Effects of apomorphine on eating time appear to result from an action at presynaptic dopamine receptors; the mechanism of the effect of apomorphine on eating rate is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: The role of dopamine cell body autoreceptors (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Sulpiride ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine ; Autoreceptors ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Ventral tegmental area ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anorectic effects of apomorphine were studied in a microstructural analysis paradigm. Systemic apomorphine reduced food intake by reducing both the rate of eating and the time spent eating. Peripheral administration of sulpiride reversed the apomorphine effect on both eating rate and eating time but central administration of this neuroleptic into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) selectively reversed the apomorphine effect on eating time, sparing eating rate. Administration of apomorphine directly into the VTA reduced eating time but not eating rate; the effect on eating time was blocked by peripheral sulpiride. The results imply that the two components of apomorphine anorexia result from actions at different sites. Effects of apomorphine on eating time appear to result from an action on DA cell body autoreceptors. The apomorphine effect on eating rate appears to be mediated elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175191
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tests of functional equivalence between pimozide pretreatment, extinction and free feeding (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 95 (1988), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anhedonia ; Drive ; Extinction ; Free feeding ; Neuroleptic ; Pimozide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Both pimozide pretreatment and free feeding caused within-session and between-session decrements in variable interval operant performance; response decrements generated under pimozide were maintained on transfer to free feeding, and vice versa. On subsequently testing under extinction conditions (after food deprivation and drug free) large initial increases in responding were seen in all groups, and subsequent response decrements in extinction were steeper than in either pimozide or free feeding conditions. The effects of pimozide pretreatment do not resemble those of extinction, but may in some circumstances be functionally equivalent to a decrease in drive level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181960
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity in an animal model of depression (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; DMI ; Sucrose preference ; Microstructural analysis ; Apomorphine ; Eating time ; Eating rate ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats exposed for 6 weeks to a variety of mild unpredictable stressors showed reduced consumption of a preferred sucrose solution. The deficit was apparent after 1 week of stress and was maintained for at least 2 weeks after termination of the stress regime. Sucrose preference was unaffected by 2 weeks of treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant DMI but returned to normal after 3 weeks of DMI treatment. Subsensitivity to the anorexic effect of a low dose of apomorphine was seen in vehicle-treated stressed animals, and in unstressed animals following withdrawal from DMI. In both cases, the changes resulted from a failure of apomorphine to reduce eating time (rather than from changes in eating rate); this effect is assumed to represent a subsensitive response to stimulation of dopamine cell body autoreceptors. As the same effect is seen in anhedonic stressed animals and in animals withdrawn from DMI, it is concluded that dopamine autoreceptor desensitization probably does not contribute to clinical improvement following chronic antidepressant treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apomorphine anorexia: the role of dopamine receptors in the ventral forebrain (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Apomorphine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Central drug administration ; Dopamine autoreceptors ; Feeding behaviour ; Microstructural analysis ; Eating rate ; Eating time ; Open field ; Nucleus accumbens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of feeding following the administration of apomorphine, systemically or directly into the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum, was studied using a microstructural analysis paradigm. On systemic administration, apomorphine reduced food consumption, eating rate and eating time; the effects were blocked by sulpiride but not by SCH-23390. Two doses of apomorphine were administered centrally. Both doses reduced total food intake and eating rate; only the higher dose also reduced eating time; all of these effects were blocked by sulpiride pretreatment. Only the lower dose reduced locomotor activity and rearing in the open field. The results suggest that apomorphine reduces eating rate by an action on dopamine (DA) axon terminal autoreceptors. We have previously demonstrated that apomorphine reduces eating time by an action on DA cell body autoreceptors. Therefore, the two populations of DA autoreceptors appear to be differentially involved in behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431545
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of 8-OH-DPAT-induced feeding by dopamine antagonists (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Feeding ; 8-OH-DPAT ; Dopamine ; Antagonists ; Grooming ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Feeding elicited by the 5HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT was blocked by pretreatment with the DA antagonists SCH-23390 and sulpiride, in two experiments conducted in non-deprived rats and in three experiments conducted after 4 h food deprivation. In deprived animals, 8-OH-DPAT prolonged the initial period of feeding. However, in non-deprived animals, 8-OH-DPAT delayed the onset of eating, and suppressed post-prandial resting; both SCH-23390 and sulpiride restored the normal pattern of behaviour. All three drugs suppressed grooming. The results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT elicits feeding by a secondary disinhibition of activity postsynaptic to DA neurons. The consequences of this mechanism for the interpretation of 8-OH-DPAT-induced feeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dopamine receptor antagonists on sucrose consumption and preference (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sucrose preference ; Two-bottle test ; Dopamine ; Sulpiride ; SCH-23390 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride and the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 were examined, in rats, in two-bottle preference tests (sucrose versus water) and in single-bottle tests, at different sucrose concentrations. Both drugs decreased sucrose intake in single bottle tests, at low sucrose concentrations, but had no effect at high concentrations; reducing drive level had exactly the opposite pattern of effects. In two-bottle tests, both drugs reduced preference for the weakest sucrose concetration (0.7%) but increased preference for the strongest concentration (34%). The effects of antagonizing either subtype of DA receptor appear to be similar to those of reducing the concentration of sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634461
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of stress-induced anhedonia by the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 109 (1992), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Stress ; Sucrose drinking ; Place preference conditioning ; Reward ; Fluoxetine ; Maprotiline ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has previously been found to depress the consumption of palatable sweet solutions. In the present study this effect was reversed by chronic (9 weeks) treatment with the atypical antidepressants, fluoxetine and maprotiline (5 mg/kg/day); the non-antidepressant chlordiazepoxide was ineffective. Stressed animals were also subsensitive to food reward in the place conditioning procedure; however, fluoxetine and maprotiline treated animals showed normal place preference conditioning. Acute pretreatment with raclopride (100 µg/kg) selectively reversed the recovery of sucrose drinking in antidepressant-treated stressed animals. These results extend previous reports of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in this paradigm, and support the hypothesis of a dopaminergic mechanism of antidepressant action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247719
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A matching law analysis of the effects of dopamine receptor antagonists (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Herrnstein's equation ; Dopamine antagonists ; Reinforcement ; Motor capacity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herrnstein's matching equation was used to analyze drug effects on performance in random interval reinforcement schedules. Pimozide caused effects compatible with both motor and motivational impairments, in a 5-component multiple schedule, a 3-schedule 3-day cycle (ALT-3), and a 2-schedule 2-day cycle (ALT-2). However, at low doses, both sulpiride and SCH-23390, tested in the ALT-3 and ALT-2 procedures, caused effects compatible with selective motivational impairments. In experiments using the non-multiple schedules, motivational effects increased during the course of the experimental session, under all three drugs. The interpretation of “motor” and “motivational” deficits in the ALT-2 procedure was validated by experiments in which the response-force and deprivation level were systematically varied. The results support the view that dopamine may be involved in the maintenance of rewarded behaviour, but do not differentially implicate the D1 or the D2 receptor subtype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244238
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