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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enucleation enhances ipsilateral flash evoked responses in the ectostriatum of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis Gould) (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Zebra finch ; Visually evoked potentials ; Ectrostriatum ; Ipsilateral stimulus responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tectofugal pathway in birds has been reported to process primarily information from the contralateral eye. Although this pathway has access to the contralateral hemisphere by various connections, electrophysiological recordings up to now have failed to demonstrate any excitatory influence of visual stimulation in the higher stations of this pathway. This study is the first to demonstrate an excitatory projection from the ipsilateral eye to the telencephalic projection area of the tectofugal pathway by recordings of visually evoked potentials in the ectostriatum. The excitatory projection probably leads from the eye to the contralateral tectum opticum, then recrosses back to the nucleus rotundus of the ipsilateral side where it reaches the ectostriatum. In normal birds, the ipsilateral stimulus responses in the ectostriatum are smaller in amplitude and have a longer latency than responses to contralateral stimuli. In unilaterally enucleated birds, the ipsilateral response is enhanced in the ectostriatum and can be detected in the nucleus rotundus, too. The results suggest that in normal birds the ipsilateral response is inhibited to a high degree by spontaneous activity of the contralateral eye. Possibly, this counterbalanced inhibition provides a mechanism for weighting information from the left and right eye field in order to ensure adequate processing of stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271850
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographic relations between ocular dominance and orientation columns in the cat striate cortex (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 71 (1988), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Columns ; Visual cortex ; Orientation ; Ocular dominance ; Maps ; Cat ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the visual cortex of four adult cats ocular dominance and orientation columns were visualized with (3H)proline and (14C)deoxyglucose autoradiography. The two columnar systems were reconstructed from serial horizontal sections or from flat-mount preparations and graphically superimposed. They share a number of characteristic features: In both systems the columns have a tendency to form regularly spaced parallel bands whose main trajectory is perpendicular to the border between areas 17 and 18. These bands frequently bifurcate or terminate in blind endings. The resulting irregularities are much more pronounced in the ocular dominance than in the orientation system. The periodicity of the columnar patterns was assessed along trajectories perpendicular to the main orientation of the bands and differed in the two columnar systems. The spacing of the ocular dominance stripes was significantly narrower than the spacing of orientation bands. The mean periodicity of a particular columnar system was virtually identical in the two hemispheres of the same animal but it differed substantially in different animals. However, the spacing of orientation columns covaried with that of the ocular dominance columns, the ratios of the mean spacings of the two columnar systems being similar in the four cats. The superposition of the two columnar systems revealed no obvious topographic relation between any of the organizational details such as the location of bifurcations, blind endings and intersections. We suggest the following conclusions: 1. The developmental processes generating the two columnar systems seem to obey the same algorithms but they act independently of each other. 2. The space constants of the two systems are rigorously specified and appear to depend on a common variable. 3. The main orientation of the bands in both columnar systems is related to a) the representation of the vertical meridian, b) the anisotropy of the cortical magnification factor, and c) the tangential spread of intracortical connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247520
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Betriebsverhalten von Turbogeneratoren mit supraleitender Erregerwicklung unter Berücksichtigung der dritten Dimension (1987)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 70 (1987), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The system equations and system parameters must be known for the mathematical description of the behaviour of a turbogenerator with a superconducting field winding. They are approximately derived from a two dimensional field calculation. Therefore, the generator is described by a shell model. Adapting the impedance loci of the model to those of the real generator, the influence of the third dimension is included. The verification of the resulting machine model is shown by the comparison of simulation results and measurements. Furthermore it is shown that remarkable reduction of the mechanical stresses on the cylindrical rotor construction during transients is achieved by a free rotatable outer damper cylinder.
    Notes: Übersicht Um das Betriebsverhalten eines Turbogenerators mit supraleitender Erregerwicklung mathematisch darstellen zu können, müssen die ihn beschreibenden Systemgleichungen und Systemparameter bekannt sein. Mit Hilfe einer zweidimensionalen, analytischen Feldberechnung können die Gleichungen abgeleitet und die Parameter näherungsweise bestimmt werden, wozu der Generator mit einem Schalenmodell nachgebildet wird. Der dabei unberücksichtigt gebliebene Einfluß der dritten Dimension wird durch eine Modelloptimierung erfaßt, d. h. die Impedanzortskurven des Maschinenmodells werden optimal an die der realen Maschine angepaßt. Durch Vergleich von Simulationsergebnissen mit Meßergebnissen wird das mathematische Modell überprüft. Es zeigt sich, daß durch frei drehbare Lagerung des äußeren Dämpferrohrs eine erhebliche mechanische Entlastung der Zylinderkonstruktion des Rotors bei transienten Betriebsfällen erreicht wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01572108
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifikation von Mehrgrößensystemen mit beliebigen Einschwingvorgängen (1987)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 70 (1987), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents For creation of mathematical models of technical systems often it is necessary to describe their real behaviour in a way physically easy to understand. The stated procedures of identification yield the differential equations and their coefficients in state space using transients without any restriction to linear systems or using measured frequency responses. In space of frequency the direct optimization of the polynomial coefficients of transfer functions is possible too. For optimization the Levenberg-Marquardt-algorithm is used. The universal suitability of the procedures is demonstrated on a model synchronous generator with a superconducting field winding.
    Notes: Übersicht Es ist oft notwendig, für technische Systeme mathematische Modelle zu formulieren, die das reale Systemverhalten physikalisch gut interpretierbar beschreiben. Die hier dargestellten Identifikationsverfahren liefern die Differentialgleichungen und deren Koeffizienten im Zustandsraum aus beliebigen gemessenen Einschwingvorgängen ohne Beschränkung auf lineare Systeme oder aus Frequenzgangsanalysen. Im Frequenzbereich ist auch die direkte Optimierung der Polynomkoeffizienten der Übertragungsfunktion möglich. Als Optimierungsverfahren wird der Levenberg-Marquardt-Algorithmus verwendet. Die Tauglichkeit der universell einsetzbaren Verfahren wird am Beispiel eines Modellsynchrongenerators mit supraleitender Erregerwicklung nachgewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01573578
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schriftenschau (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 118 (1977), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01643543
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Besprechungen (1993)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141911
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Katamnestische Untersuchungen über 86 Leukotomien (1959)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 199 (1959), S. 248-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit der ersten präfrontalen Leukotomie im Nervenkrankenhaus Haar am 26. 9. 1946 wurden 131 Hirnoperationen an 111 Geisteskranken (110 Schizophrene und 1 erethisch Schwachsinniger) vorgenommen: 75 präfrontale Standardlobotomien nach Freeman u. Watts und 56 transorbitale Leukotomien nach Fiamberti/Freeman. Eingehende katamnestische Erhebungen an 86 Leukotomierten ergaben nach präfrontaler Leukotomie 50%, nach transorbitaler Leukotomie 35% Anstaltsentlassungen. Von den entlassenen Präfrontaloperierten waren 62% in Arbeit, von den entlassenen Transorbitaloperierten nur 20%. Die Ergebnisse erlauben folgende allgemeine Schlußfolgerungen: 1. Nur bei „unheilbar Psychotischen“ ist eine Leukotomie vertretbar. Alle in dem betreffenden Krankheitsfall angezeigten Heilmaßnahmen müssen sachgemäß durchgeführt worden sein, ohne daß der Krankheitszustand nennenswert beeinflußt worden ist. 2. „Gequälte“ haben weit bessere Erfolgsaussichten als „Verdrossene“. 3. Der präoperative Krankheitsverlauf gibt wichtige Hinweise auf die Indikation zur Leukotomie. Die besten Erfolgsaussichten haben Krankheitsprozesse, die akut der Demenz zusteuern. 4. Einfach demente Hebephrene und spannungslos dahinvegetierende Katatone eignen sich wenig für die Leukotomie. 5. Die Operation soll sobald als möglich, am besten noch vor dem Ende des zweiten Krankheitsjahres, durchgeführt werden. 6. Da unsere Ergebnisse bei der transorbitalen Leukotomie schlechter waren als bei der offenen, bevorzugen wir die präfrontale Standard-Leukotomie nach Freeman u. Watts. 7. Intensive und individuelle heilpädagogische Nachbehandlung ist ausschlaggebend für den Grad des Erfolges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356186
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperglycemia and coronary risk factors results from western Austria (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary risk ; Hyperlipidemia ; Hypertension ; Hyperglycemia ; Overweight ; WHO-CINDI ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated mean levels and prevalences of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and body mass index in adults aged 25 to 64 years participating in the WHO Country-wide Integrated Noncommunicable. Diseases Intervention (CINDI) Programme in Vorarlberg, western Austria. According to the Austrian expert panel and based upon the above age standardized risk factors 50.9% of the male and 29.3% of the female population were at high risk for developing coronary heart disease. Risk factor levels were further compared between euglycemic and hyperglycemic participants. After adjusting for age hyperglycemia was associated with higher body mass index in men (p=0.026) and women (p〈0.001), higher systolic blood pressure in men (p〈0.001) and women (p=0.003), and higher levels of triglycerides in women (p=0.008). No significant differences were observed in total and HDL cholesterol in either sex. When controlling for age and body mass index, fasting blood glucose levels had significant associations only with systolic blood pressure in men (p=0.001). But, with respect to all risk factors, hyperglycemic participants had an age-adjusted adverse coronary risk profile both in men (p=0.002) and in women (p〈0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427390
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to mirror-image stimulation in jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) (2000)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 3 (2000), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Keywords: Key words Jungle crows ; Self-image ; Mirror stimulation ; Social behavior ; Aggression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) were exposed to a mirror placed either vertically or horizontally. The most frequently observed behaviors were pecking at the mirror and wing flapping when looking toward the mirror. These behavior patterns, which were only rarely observed when the mirror was reversed, can be interpreted as aggressive behaviors against a conspecific. The vertical mirror evoked the behaviors more often than the horizontal mirror. The present results suggest that crows perceive their mirror image as an image of a conspecific, not as their own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050051
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