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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Girls ; Muscle differentiation ; Cytogenetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uncommon case is described of a girl severely affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cytogenetic analysis revealed no numerical or structural abnormalities of the X-chromosome in any of the cells examined (leucocytes and myoblasts). No abnormality in morphology, growth pattern or differentiation was observed in the dystrophic muscle cultures as compared with control cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mitochondria ; Muscle ; NADH-CoQ reductase ; 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 34-year-old man affected by exercise intolerance, mild proximal weakness and severe lactic acidosis is described. Muscle biopsy revealed mitochondrial abnormalities and an increase of cytochrome c oxidase histochemical reaction. Biochemical investigations on isolated muscle mitochondria as well as polarographic studies revealed a mitochondrial NADH-CoQ reductase (complex I) deficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Immunological investigation showed a generalized reduction of all complex I polypeptides. Genetic analysis did not reveal mitochondrial DNA deletions. The biochemical defect was not present in the patient's muscle tissue culture. Metabolic measurements and functional evaluation showed a reduced mechanical efficiency during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Myoglobinuria ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is described in four clinically heterogeneous patients: an athlete who developed myoglobinuria after physical exercise; a 7-year-old, mildly mentally retarded boy, who had episodes of dark urine and high creatine kinase; and two brothers of Sardinian origin, the elder showing moderate exercise intolerance. Histochemical and biochemical studies showed a lack of G6PD activity in muscle biopsy specimens as well as in erythrocytes. G6PD characterization in erythrocytes classified these mutant enzymes as Mediterranean variant in all the patients. The deficiency was confirmed in the patients' myotubes and skin fibroblasts, where residual activity was present. Electrophoretic studies in tissue culture extracts showed that the residual muscle enzyme migrated as a single electrophoretic band like normal human muscle G6PD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency ; Muscle cultures ; Skin fibroblasts ; Autosomal recessive ; Muscle development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a new case of carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) deficiency the defect was documented in muscle and muscle cultures with an isotope exchange reaction, using different concentrations of palmityl-dl-carnitine and a forward reaction with and without albumin. The defect was expressed in cultured skin fibroblasts only by the “reverse” and “hydroxamate” reactions. The parents and the patient's daughter had intermediate levels of the enzyme in platelets and fibroblasts, supporting the concept that CPT deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The growth pattern and development of muscle cultures in this CPT-deficient patient indicate that CPT activity may be sufficient to allow normal muscle differentiation in culture without lipid storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results and conclusions The biochemical analyses of the total enzymatic activities of CK. PGAM in innervated cultures with advanced morphological maturation showed a progressive increase up to 60 days after innervation, fetal isozyme patterns of CK-BB and PGAM-BB at early stage of innervation and almost complete transition of CK and PGAM from BB to MM isozymes in more advanced stage of innervation (Figs 1, 2). Time course of G6PD activity in parallel cultures showed a higher activity in early stages of myogenesis(myoblastmyotube: 121.4+/-10 nM/min/mg prot) and in early phase of innervation (30 days after innervation: 109.66+/-26.10 nM/min/mg prot) with a decline of activity in advanced stage of innervation (60 days after innervation: 82.33+/-36.55 nM/min/mg prot) A progressive increase of AM activity in mid (30 days after innervation: 1623.66+/-10.96 pM/min/mg prot) and late stage of innervation (45 days after innervation: 2150.33+/-568.27 pM/min/mg prot) in comparison with aneural (536+/-107.39 pM/min/mg prot) was also found our study suggests these enzymes as biochemical markers of functional innervation of cultured human muscle fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 1 (1979), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: pentazocine-type 2 atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Viene descritto un caso di abuso di pentazocine (450 mg die) in un uomo di 33 a. Lo studio bioptico muscolare dal punto di vista istochimico e istografico quantitativo ha dimostrato una atrofia delle fibre del tipo 2. Si suggerisce la possibilità di un danno tossico generalizzato da parte della pentazocina.
    Notes: Abstract A case of a 33-year-old pentazocine-addicted man (450 mg daily) is described. Histochemical and quantitative histographic analyses of the muscle biopsy disclosed type 2 atrophy. We consider that this indicates that there is a generalized toxic effect of pentazocine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 17 (1996), S. 347-353 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Myotonic dystrophy ; Trinucleotide expansion ; Ion channel disorders ; Myotonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Lo scopo di questo lavoro è descrivere gli aspetti clinici, di laboratorio e biomolecolari di una famiglia affetta da un nuovo disordine miotonico chiamato PROMM (proximal myotonic myopathy). Oltre al confronto con i dati di altre famiglie PROMM descritte in letteratura, viene sottolineato lo spettro clinico di presentazione rispetto alla distrofia miotonica di Steinert, miopatia simile ma allo stesso tempo distinta sia clinicamente che geneticamente. Individuare questo nuovo disordine miotonico ha delle implicazioni cliniche pratiche in quanto, sulla base dei casi descritti finora, il fenotipo PROMM ha una prognosi a lungo termine migliore della distrofia miotonica di Steinert.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study is to describe the essential characteristics of a family affected by the newly-described proximal myotonic myopathy (PROMM). The clinical, laboratory and genetic findings are described and compared with those reported in the literature, and the clinical spectrum of the manifestations that are similar to but distinct from myotonic dystrophy (MD) is also explored. This has practical implications because the cases so far described suggest that the long-term prognosis of patients with PROMM seems to be more favourable than that of patients with MD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: myotonia ; sodium channel ; mutation ; paramyotonia congenita ; mexiletine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Le paralisi periodiche costituiscono un gruppo di miopatie a carattere autosomico dominante caratterizzate da episodi transitori crampiformi e da ipostenia. La sintomatologia descritta è scatenata solitamente da eccessiva esposizione di alcuni segmenti corporei (solitamente mani, piedi ed orbicolare degli occhi) alle basse temperature (come si verifica nei casi di paramiotonia congenita, PC) oppure da variazioni spontanee o indotte del potassio extracellulare (come si verifica nei casi di paralisi iper-, HYPP o ipokaliemica, HypoPP). È ormai noto che il gene responsabile per le forme di HYPP e di PC è localizzato sul cromosoma 17 e le variazioni fenotipiche correlate indicano che vi sono varianti alleliche di tali disordini. Finora queste forme sono state descritte in numerosi gruppi etnici ma non sono mai state riconosciute in Italia. Descriviamo una mutazione del segmento S4 del canale muscolare umano del sodio in una famiglia italiana con un fenotipo caratteristico per una paramiotonia congenita, a trasmissione autosomica dominante, interessante tutti i membri della famiglia da noi studiata fin dalla giovane età.
    Notes: Abstract The periodic paralyses are a group of autosomal dominant muscle diseases sharing the common feature of episodic stiffness and weakness, usually occurring with muscle cooling (as in the case of paramyotonia congenita, PC pheno-type) or changes in extracellular K+ levels resulting from various precipitating factors (hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, HYPP and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, Hypo PP). It is now known that HYPP maps to chromosome 17q, and that PC and a form of myotonia congenita without periodic paralysis also map to the 17q locus, thus indicating that they derive from allelic variants. So far, these disorders have been described in various ethnic groups but, to our knowledge, have never been reported in Italy. We describe a mutation in an S4 segment of the adult skeletal muscle sodium channel in a clinically-defined Italian family that leads to the paramyotonia congenita (PC) phenotype with dominant autosomal inheritance and temperature-related symptoms (regional weakness following cooling and exercise), present since childhood in all of the affected family members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Muscle cell culture ; hybrid myotubes ; heterokaryons ; gene activation ; fluorescent latex microspheres ; Hoechst stain ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; myoblast transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Il modello degli ibridi costituisce un sistema valido e riproducibile per studiare gli aspetti biochimici e molecolari implicati nell'attivazione genica. Tale sistema di fusione è stato utilizzato da precedenti autori per dimostrare l'attivazione di specifici geni umani in ibridi formati dalla fusione di cellule umane con cellule non-umane. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è stato quello di applicare il modello sperimentale degli ibridi per valutare la correzione di un'attività citoplasmatica, quale la glucosio-6-fosfato deidrogenasi (G6PD), in vitro, in ibridi formati tra mioblasti G6PD-deficitari e normali. Sono stati impiegati diverse metodiche per identificare i miotubi ibridi (colorante nucleo-specifico, Hoechst e microsfere di lattice fluorescinate e rodaminate). I nostri risultati indicano che vi è un ripristino dell'attività G6PD in tutti i miotubi ibridi formati; abbiamo quindi tentato di comprendere i meccanismi specifici sottostanti alla ricomparsa di quest'attività enzimatica per poterli applicare alla comprensione dei più complessi meccanismi implicati nell'attivazione di geni muscolari.
    Notes: Abstract Heterokaryons represent a stable and reproducible model system for the study of biochemical and molecular aspects responsible for muscle gene activation. Previous experiments have used this fusion system to demonstrate human gene activation in hybrids formed between human and non-human cells. The aim of this research was to apply this experimental model to the correction of a cytoplasmic activity, namely glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), in vitro, in hybrid myotubes formed between G6PD-negative and positive myoblasts. Different identification methods were used (Hoechst stain and Fluorescent Latex Microspheres, FLMs) to identify hybrid myotubes formed. We demonstrated the restoration of G6PD activity in all hybrid myotubes formed; we then tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the restoration of this specific activity and apply the results obtained to the understanding of more complex mechanisms involved in muscle gene activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 21 (2000), S. S971 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key words Myotonia ; Myometry ; Quantitative muscle assessment ; Muscle strength ; Clinical trials ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe clinical myotonia can be physically disabling and socially imparing but as yet there is no standardized treatment regimen. The aimn of our study is to present a protocol to measure myotonia using quantitative muscle assessment measures. The proposed protocol addresses two main issues. Muscle strength is assessed in 8 muscles on the right and on the left using a myometer (QMA, quantitative muscle assessment) and by testing strength manually using the 5-point MRC scale (5 = normal) in 15 muscles on the right and on the left. Grip myotonia is assessed by: (a) measuring 1/2 and 3/4 relaxation times (RT) after maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using QMA apparatus; (b) functional tests (time to open a fist 10 times, time to open and squeeze the eyes 10 times, time to clim 10 steps starting from a seated position, time to protrude the tongue 10 times, time to step onto a chair 10 times; (c) subjective measures of the severity of myotonia using an arbitrary 4-point scale (0=absent, 4=severe); and (d) electromyography (EMG) relaxation times after MVC. Although QMA seems to be a reliable tool to measure myotonia, there are still a number of unsolved issues. Further studies are needed to ensure the ability of QMA to quantify myotonia and to guarantee the reliability of the results for clinical research purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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