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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurovisceral lipidosis ; Niemann-Pick disease type C ; Oligomembranous cytoplasmic bodies ; Lipids ; Sphingomyelinase ; Prenatal diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One postnatal and one prenatal case (same family) of a neurovisceral lipidosis compatible with a diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C were studied. The postnatal case, aged 4 and 6/12 at death, was characterized morphologically (foamy cells in the bone marrow; storage histiocytes in rectal submucosa and extraneural viscera and ballooned neurons, the two types of cells containing pleomorphic and oligomenbranous inclusion bodies, respectively; central demyelination) as well as biochemically (elevated spleen and liver content of sphingomyelin, cholesterol, glucosyl ceramide and lysobisphosphatidic acid). Sphingomyelinase activity (SM) was not significantly lowered and showed no greatly abnormal electrofocused pattern of activity; its extractability from brain, liver and spleen was distinctly hindered, a finding interpreted as expression of a reduced bioavailability of the enzyme. — The prenatal case was diagnosed by low SM in amniotic fluid. Diminished SM was confirmed in cultured amniotic cells and in tissues of the aborted fetus which, additionally, showed an elevated sphingomyelin and cholesterol content in the liver. A prenatal diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C was made for the first time. The phenotypical variation of the disease may reflect genetic heterogeneity and, there-fore, a prenatally lowered SM need not be a constant finding. — The apparent normalization of SM in the postnatal case was accompanied by a decrease of visceromegaly raising the question of a causal relationship between the two phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 99 (1989), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; trauma ; GFAP ; tumour classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a 42-year-old patient is reported who developed an intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma at the site of an oligoastrocytic mixed glioma which had been excised 2 1/2 years previously. Reasons for the extreme rarity of intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytomas, the probability of a traumatic aetiology of this particular tumour, and the possible significance of intratumoural cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In autopsied brain tissue from three cases with Leigh disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelitis, SNE) and controls, the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) was determined under different conditions. It was found to be at the control level or increased, but not deficient. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinate cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were measured as additional mitochondrial markers and showed no essential differences between SNE and control tissue. The metabolic defect in SNE remains unknown. According to the literature, the defect may be localized to the mitochondrial systems. However, the reported results indicate that it cannot be ascribed to PDHC function. Extensive biochemical studies are necessary for understanding of the pathogenesis in the fatal genetic metabolic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two female patients of German origin, aged 38 and 21 years, with myoclonus epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia, but without dysmorphic signs and dementia, were found to excrete normal amounts of sialyl oligosaccharides in their urine. The younger patient showed cherry red spots in her ocular fundi. The older patient had a brother with an autopsy-proven neuronal storage disease compatible with sialidosis, and in her rectal biopsy lamellar inclusion bodies were detected. Enzyme assays in cultured fibroblasts of both patients revealed a profound but incomplete deficiency of oligosaccharide sialidase activity and normal β-galactosidase activity. Adult sialidosis was diagnosed in both patients. In their fibroblasts, moderate elevations of bound sialic acid could also be measured. The small residual sialidase activity, which in the older patient had a normal KM value, is considered responsible for the late onset and slow clinical course of the disease. It is concluded that in adult sialidosis the extraneural storage process can be difficult to demonstrate in terms of metabolite accumulation or excretion during the course of intraneuronal storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 18 (1997), S. S21 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The history of the German Neuropathology since the beginning of the 20th Century with its roots in psychiatry, neurology, and pathology and with its interconnections in these specialities til today is demonstrated. The changes in methods and in main scientific topics are mentioned just as the shadows fallen after a flower time in the first three decenniums in the international reputation by the expulsion into the emigration and the political persecution of so many collegues, furthermore by the involvement in the socalled euthanasia. The institutional development since 1945 lead to the foundation of an own scientific society, own congresses, and a regulated training as the basis to win again international acceptance. Risks will be seen in the overspecialisation as well as in the uncritical adaption of moleculargenetic methods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Übersicht zeigt die Entwicklung der deutschen Neuropathologie seit der Wende zum 20. Jahrhundert in ihren Wurzeln aus Psychiatrie, Neurologie und Pathologie und der bis heute bestehenden engen Verflechtung dieser Fächer. Die Wechsel der Methoden und der wissenschaftlichen Hauptthemen werden dargestellt, aber auch die Schatten, die nach einer Blütezeit in den ersten drei Jahrzehnten im internationalen Ansehen auf das Fach durch die erzwungene Emigration und die politische Verfolgung angesehener Kollegen sowie durch die Verstrickung in die sogenannte Euthanasie fielen. Die institutionelle Entwicklung nach 1945 mit der Gründung einer eigenen Fachgesellschaft, eigenen Tagungen und der Schaffung einer geregelten Weiterbildung war die Basis für die Wiedergewinnung internationaler Anerkennung. Gefährdungen werden in der Überspezialisierung und durch unkritische Übernahme molekulargenetischer Methoden gesehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 116 (1974), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia ; Dietetic treatment ; Histologic changes of brain ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Patientin mit einer nichtketotischen Hyperglycinämie berichtet, die 2 Jahre lang mit einer vollsynthetischen Kost aus einem Aminosäurengemisch, Mineralien, Glucose, Fett und Vitaminzusätzen behandelt wurde. Die diätetische Behandlung sowie Zusatz von Natrium-Benzoat zur Nahrung führten nur kurzfristig zu einem Absinken der Plasma-Glycin-Konzentrationen. Nach Anreicherung der Nahrung mit L-Methionin in einer Dosierung von 300 mg/kg KG/die zeigten sich zwar deutlich niedrigere Glycinspiegel, gleichzeitig kam es aber zu einer exzessiven Hypermethioninämie. L-Methionin-Gabe in Dosierungen von 150–200 mg/kg KG hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Höhe des Plasma-Glycin-Spiegels. Die körperliche Entwicklung des Kindes unter Diätbehandlung war altersentsprechend. Ein Einfluß auf die geistige Entwicklung wurde nicht bemerkt, es bestand aber bereits zu Beginn der Behandlung das Bild einer Decrebrierung. Pathologisch-histologisch zeigten sich Veränderungen des ZNS in Form von Markscheidenreifungshemmung und einer spongiösen Degeneration der weißen Substanz in Großhirn, Kleinhirn und Rückenmark sowie Einlagerungen von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen. In der grauen Substanz waren keine groben Alterationen nachweisbar. Im Bereich des peripheren Nervensystems fanden sich keine Markscheidenausfälle und keine doppeltbrechenden Kristalle. Die Leber zeigte eine leichte Vacuolisierung der Leberzellen und eine starke Einlagerung von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen in Parenchymzellen und Makrophagen.
    Notes: Abstract A girl with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia was treated for 2 years with a synthetic diet consisting of a glycine- and serine-free amino-acid mixture, glucose, fat, minerals, and vitamins. The addition of sodium benzoate to this diet resulted in only a temporary decrease of the plasma glycine concentration. Addition of 300 mg methionine/kg/day led to a marked reduction of glycine in the plasma but also to an excessive increase of the methionine plasma concentration. L-methionine at a lower dose did not influence the plasma glycine level. During the dietary treatment an almost normal gain of body weight was observed, though the psychomotor development was not influenced. Post mortem the following changes were noted: 1. reduced myelination of the white matter; 2. spongiform alterations of the white matter of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord; 3. inclusions of birefringent crystals in liver and brain. The grey matter of the cerebrum did not show any marked alterations. In peripheral nerves no areas of demyelination or inclusions of crystals were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cogenital hydrocephalus ; Intrauterine intracerebral haemorrhage ; Coagulopathy ; Multiple pregnancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differential diagnosis of intrauterine hydrocephalus includes various types of cerebral malformations. In about 30% of cases the pathogenesis remains unknown. During 1983–1985 we diagnosed intrauterine posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (IPHH) in four newborns. In three of the reported cases intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) could already be proven in the fetus. Due to these observations, IPHH has to be considered with the differential diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus. Haemorrhagic diathesis and multiple pregnancy are discussed as possible risk factors for this severe fetal complication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 1125-1131 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Muscle calcifications ; Acute renal failure ; Shock ; McArdle's disease ; Muskelverkalkung ; Akutes Nierenversagen ; Schock ; McArdlesche Krankheit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden reversible Muskelverkalkungen in Verbindung mit einem akuten Nierenversagen beschrieben. Als Ursache lag im ersten Fall ein Kollapszustand in Verbindung mit Unterkülung unter Alkoholeinfluß vor. Beim zweiten Fall handelt es sich um eine rhabdomyolytische Krise mit Myoglobinurie bei bekannter McArdlescher Krankheit. In beiden Fällen mußte eine Dialysebehandlung zur Überbrückung des Nierenversagens vorgenommen werden. Muskelbiopsien zeigten massive Kalkeinlagerungen in der nekrotischen Skelettmuskulatur. Zu Beginn der oligoanurischen Phase bestand eine auffallende Hypokalziämie, der eine Hyperkalziämie folgte. Hyperkalziämie und Hyperkalziurie erreichten ihren Höhepunkt in der polyurischen Phase und normalisierten sich anschließend. Eine Kontrollbiopsie zeigte beim ersten Fall eine völlige Ausschwemmung der Kalksalze unter Hinterlassung einer Muskelnekrose mit Regenerationszeichen.
    Notes: Summary The clinical course in two patients with acute renal failure and focal calcifications of skeletal muscle are reported. In the first case renal failure was due to a hypovolemia or shock combined with supercooling and alcoholic intoxication. In the second case a rhabdomyolytic crisis with myoglobinuria occurred. This patient was known to have a McArdle disease. Dialysis treatment was necessary in both cases in order to overcome the oligoanuric phase. Biopsy specimens from biceps muscle showed intense calcium deposits within the necrotic muscle fibres. In the beginning of oliguria remarkable hypocalcemia occurred followed by hypercalcemia. During the polyuric phase which was accompanied by hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria the calcium deposits disappeared completely. This could be demonstrated in our first case by a control biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebellar atrophy ; Dentate nucleus ; Microcephaly ; Dégénérescence systematisé optico-cochléo-dentelé
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand der klinischen Beobachtung von drei Geschwisterkindern, von denen eines auch pathologisch-anatomisch untersucht werden konnte, wird das Bild der Hypoplasia ponto-neocerebellaris in Erinnerung gerufen und differentialdiagnostisch von der Nyssen-van Bogaert'schen Dégénérescence optico-cochléo-dentelée abgegrenzt. Charakteristische morphologische Zeichen sind die Aufgliederung des Dentatumzellbandes in zahlreiche kleine Zellinseln, die Verschmächtigung des Brückenfußes und eine mangelhafte Fältelung des Oliven-Zellbandes.
    Notes: Summary In an otherwise healthy family three male infants fell ill with microcephaly, hypotonus of the muscles, non-specific hyperkineses, seizures, and rapid mental deterioration. In addition to microdysplasia in the cerebral cortex the main neuropathological findings were the separation of the dentate nucleus into many islets, an atypical band of the inferior olives, and deficiency of the pontocerebellar fibers in the basal part of the pons. The hypoplasia of the areas involved can be distinguished from the degenerative process in the dégénérescence systematisé optico-cochleo-dentelé (Nyssen-van Bogaert).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stiff man syndrome ; Progressive encephalomyelitis ; Spasms ; Muscle tone ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and neurophysiological findings of eight patients with stiff man syndroms (SMS) [four of six being tested with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)] are presented. In two patients (one GAD-positive, one GAD-negative), transient oculomotor disturbances suggested progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) as differential diagnosis. The catalogue of characteristic clinical symptoms of SMS is extended by three new symptoms: (1) an aura-like feeling reported by five patients to precede spontaneous spasmodic attacks; (2) a stereotyped motor pattern seen in seven patients during spasmodic jerks, consisting of brief opisthotonos, stiffening of the slightly abducted legs and inversion of the plantar-flexed feet; (3) a paroxysmal fear when crossing a free space unaided, or even thinking of it. Clinical findings did not enable us to discriminate between patients tested GAD-positive or GAD-negative. Cerebrospinal fluid contained elevated immunoglobulin levels or cell counts, or both, in the majority of patients. Autopsy of one patient revealed scattered lymphocyte cuffs around leptomeningeal, intracerebral and particularly intraspinal vessels, suggesting a mild inflammatory process. Whether SMS and PERM are closely related is discussed; they are possibly both manifestations of a spectrum of encephalomyelopathies having autoimmunity against GABAergic neurons in common.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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