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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 29 (1989), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 385-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain shrinking
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging of the intracranial CSF volume was compared before and after 5 weeks of confirmed abstinence in 9 alcohol-dependent patients. All patients showed a highly significant reduction in CSF volume in accordance with reexpansion of the brain after alcohol abstinence. T2 values for white matter, estimated by linear regression from 16 echoes of a CPGM sequence, however, showed no significant increase such as occurs in rehydration. This indicates, that alcohol-induced reversible brain atrophy cannot be attributed to fluctuation of free water in the brain only.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1992), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebrospinal fluid flow
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cardiac-related motion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated by analysis of the velocity-dependent phase of CSF protons and flow-dependent signal enhancement in magnitude images using ECG-gated FLASH sequences. In the cerebral aqueduct, CSF flow from the third to the fourth ventricle begins 200 msafter the R-wave of the ECG and simulates an arterial pulse wave pattern. It lasts about 60% of the cardiac cycle and is followed by backflow from the fourth to the third ventricle, which is slower and shorter. In the spinal canal, oscillating caudad motion precedes flow from the third to the fourth ventricle by about 50–100 ms and issuperimposed on a bulk flow, which moves simultaneously in opposite directions in separate subarachnoid channels; it is directed mainly caudally in the anterior cervical subarachnoid space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1992), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebrospinal fluid flow ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Real time ; Yawning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the cerebral aqueduct and spinal canal was analysed using real-time magnetic resonance imaging measurement techniques. Respiration-induced rhythmic modulation of the cardiacrelated oscillating CSF pulsation in the cerebral aqueduct and spinal canal was found. Deep inspiration was immediately followed by a marked increase in downward CSF flow in the cervical spinal canal, whereas a delay of about two heart beats was seen before downward flow from the third to the fourth ventricle increased. This pattern was also detected during yawning and was followed by a marked increase of blood flow in the internal jugular vein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1992), S. 16-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ; CSF flow ; Normal pressure hydrocephalus ; Syringomyelia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cardiac- and respiration-related movements of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated by MRI in 71 patients. In most patients with arteriosclerotic occlusive vascular disease CSF pulsations are normal. Decreased pulsatile flow is detectable in those with arteriovenous malformations, intracranial air and following lumbar puncture and withdrawal of CSF. Increased pulsatile flow in the cerebral aqueduct was found in 2 patients with large aneurysms, idiopathic communicating syringomyelia and in most cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). CSF flow in the cervical spinal canal is, however, reduced or normal in NPH, indicating reduction of the unfolding ability of the surface of the brain and/or inhibition of rapid CSF movements in the subarachnoid space over its convexity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): MRI ; Meningioma ; Dynamic contrast Enhancement ; Dural enhancement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We examined 32 patients with intracranial tumors (17 meningiomas, 8 neuromas, 7 pituitary adenomas) by conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Our aim was to clarify whether the pathological dural contrast enhancement adjacent to meningiomas (the “dural tail”) is specific to meningiomas and, more important, whether it represents neoplastic dural infiltration or hypervascularization as a tumor accompanying reaction. A “dural tail” was found in 9 of 17 meningiomas. None of the other extra-axial tumours (neuromas, pituitary adenomas) showed comparable dural enhancement. Dynamic examinations with an ultrafast single slice imaging technique (snapshot-FLASH) after a bolus injection of contrast medium showed a “dural tail” in seven out of these nine meningiomas, while in two cases the “dural tail” turned out to be a cortical vein with a characteristic dynamic contrast enhancement pattern. In the dynamic study all seven “dural tails” were found to have earlier, steeper contrast enhancement than the corresponding tumours. All the tumours and part of the adjacent dura mater in four of the seven meningiomas with dural enhancement were examined histopathologically. In none of these four cases was neoplastic tissue found more than 2 mm away from the main tumour. The results strongly support the suggestion that the “dural tail” adjacent to meningiomas represents a hypervascular, non-neoplastic dural reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T 1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T 1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 399-407 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sodium imaging ; Brain tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twelve patients with different diseases of the brain were examined with sodium and proton MRI at 1.5 Tesla and the results of both studies compared. Due to the 1500-fold lower concentration in the body, the decreased sensitivity and the shorter relaxation times of sodium compared with hydrogen a sequence with gradient reversal and a volume imaging method was applied to achieve a short echo time (4.5 ms). As a result of the mainly extracellular distribution of sodium the CSF spaces are depicted by their high signal intensity while the normal parenchyma is not visible. Changes induced by encephalitis, ischemic infarction and tumors can also be detected by their increased sodium content. Different tumors provided different signal intensities, not always permitting a distinction between tumor, surrounding edema and CSF. The diagnostic impact of these findings is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Perfusion-weighted MRI ; Cerebral perfusion ; Parameter images ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Brain tumours
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to analyse specific advantages of calculated parameter images and their limitations using an optimized echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique with high spatial and temporal resolution. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) was performed in 12 patients with cerebrovascular disease and in 13 patients with brain tumours. For MR imaging of cerebral perfusion an EPI sequence was developed which provides a temporal resolution of 0.68 s for three slices with a 128 × 128 image matrix. To evaluate DSC-MRI, the following parameter images were calculated pixelwise: (1) Maximum signal reduction (MSR); (2) maximum signal difference (ΔSR); (3) time-to-peak (Tp); and (4) integral of signal-intensity-time curve until Tp (SInt). The MSR maps were superior in the detection of acute infarctions and ΔSR maps in the delineation of vasogenic brain oedema. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps seemed to be highly sensitive in the detection of poststenotic malperfused brain areas (sensitivity 90 %). Hyperperfused areas of brain tumours were detectable down to a diameter of 1 cm with high sensitivity ( 〉 90 %). Distinct clinical and neuroradiological conditions revealed different suitabilities for the parameter images. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps may be an important advantage in the detection of poststenotic “areas at risk”, due to an improved temporal resolution using an EPI technique. With regard to spatial resolution, a matrix size of 128 × 128 is sufficient for all clinical conditions. According to our results, a further increase in matrix size would not improve the spatial resolution in DSC-MRI, since the degree of the vascularization of lesions and the susceptibility effect itself seem to be the limiting factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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