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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of negative-bias temperature instability in polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistors (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8160-8166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is found that 0.1 V-order threshold voltage shift (Vth shift) takes place in polycrystalline-silicon thin film transistors during negative-bias temperature stress (−BT stress), while the Vth shift in the case of positive-bias temperature stress is negligibly small. The Vth shift caused by −BT stress has an exponential dependence on the stress gate bias and reciprocal of temperature. Moreover, it also has a close relation with the grain size of poly-Si films and the hydrogenation process. However, it is independent of the gate insulator materials. Some models previously proposed for amorphous silicon TFTs could not explain these results. A new model is proposed based on a reaction between hydrogen and the SiO2 network at and near the poly-Si/SiO2 interface to clarify the mechanism and for consistent interpretation of the experimental results. Furthermore, the model has been verified qualitatively. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-impact total ionization cross sections of CF4, C2F6, and C3F8 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 3811-3822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both theoretical and experimental electron-impact total ionization cross sections of CF4, C2F6, and C3F8 are presented. The experimental cross sections have been measured as a function of incident electron energy T from threshold to 3 keV. A parallel plate condenser type apparatus was used. The molecular polarizability for C3F8 was empirically estimated to be α=10.6 Å3±0.8 Å3. Theoretical cross sections calculated from the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) method, which combines a modified form of the Mott cross section and the Bethe cross section, are compared with the experimental cross sections. The BEB cross sections calculated from correlated molecular wave functions with theoretical estimates for multiple ionization are about 10% higher than the experimental data at the peak for CF4, while they are in excellent agreement with the experimental data for C2F6 and C3F8. Our analysis shows that the BEB theory implicitly includes part of neutral dissociation, such as CF4→CF3+F, and hence tends to be an upper limit to the total ionization cross section. We found that the difference between our best theory for CF4 and the present experimental cross section exhibits a remarkable similarity to the shape of the recently measured cross section for neutral dissociation, though there is no a priori reason for the similarity. Owing to the large number of bound electrons, the correlation included in our wave functions for C2F6 and C3F8 is more limited than for CF4. Hence, we believe that for these two molecules the calculated cross sections are lower than the true BEB values, in spite of the apparent excellent agreement between the theory and the experiment. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478270
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monochromatic x-ray imaging with bent crystals for laser fusion research : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 744-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Monochromatic x-ray imaging with toroidally bent crystals has been applied to investigate critical issues in laser fusion research in collaboration with Jena University [for example, I. Uschmann et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 734 (1995)]. Described in this article is the study on x-ray diagnostics to provide simultaneously time, space, and spectral resolutions for the laser fusion experiments by the use of toroidally bent crystals. A monochromatic x-ray imager was developed, which consists of two sets of identical five bent crystals and a fast x-ray framing camera. The attained spatial resolution of 6 μm, time resolution of 34 ps, and spectral resolution of 10 eV are high enough to observe temporal evaluation and temperature distribution of the laser fusion hot core. In addition, a new x-ray imager with bent crystal was developed to investigate hydrodynamic instabilities occurring in laser-driven planer targets as one of the most critical issues in laser fusion research. The imager was so designed as to match the experiments using rather thick, massive targets irradiated under the same condition as in the high-gain experiments. Configuration and specifications of the imager are presented. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318261
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature mapping of compressed fusion pellets obtained by monochromatic imaging : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 734-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report the first use of toroidally bent crystals to record two-dimensional, spatially resolved, monochromatic images of laser-produced fusion plasma. The electron temperature was determined by seeding the deuterium fuel with argon and evaluating the intensity ratio of the two monochromatic images in the Ar+ 17Ly β and the Ar+ 16He β lines. Silicon and germanium crystals were chosen to achieve high diffraction reflectivities. Spatial resolution better than 10 μm was achieved by bending the crystals toroidally to minimize the geometrical aberrations [E. Förster, K. Gäbel, and I. Uschmann, Laser Particle Beams 9, 135 (1991)]. Comparison of the two line intensities requires a calibrated imaging system. Monochromatic images of fusion pellets driven with the GEKKO XII glass laser system are presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146273
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence spectra of p-GaSe doped with Cd (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7936-7938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Impurity levels in Cd-doped GaSe have been studied by using photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The PL spectra at 77 K are dominated by three new emission bands at 1.95, 1.75, and 1.62 eV. The PL intensity and the peak energy of the 1.95 and 1.62 eV emission bands are measured as a function of the temperature. It is shown that the 1.95 eV emission band is due to the transition between the conduction band and the acceptor level at 0.18 eV above the valence band. The 1.62 eV emission band is caused by the transition from the donor level at 0.37 eV below the conduction band to the acceptor level at 0.13 eV above the valence band. The PL intensity increases with increasing Cd concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347488
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Core-level shifts of silicon–hydrogen species on chemically treated Si surfaces studied by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2049-2051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical shifts of Si–Hx (x=1,2) species on Si surfaces obtained by ex situ chemical treatment have been evaluated by high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a take-off angle of 5°. Optimizing the water rinse and sample loading conditions enables identification of the Si–Hx components of the Si 2p core-level spectra, whose intensities display strong dependence on crystallographic orientation and surface treatment. NH4F-treated Si(111) exhibits almost exclusive monohydride termination which induces a chemical shift of 250 meV relative to the bulk component. On the other hand, 4.5% HF-treated Si(111) and 1% HF-treated Si(100) surfaces show increased dihydride termination with an associated shift of 480 meV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115074
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional simulation of dye laser amplifiers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1109-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-dependent and three-dimensional dye laser amplifier simulation is presented. Its amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is simulated by distinguishing the propagating directions of the angularly divided ASE, which makes it possible to simulate both the laser and ASE. Strong generation of the ASE is seen from the part of the excited volume where there is no input signal, indicating that ASE greatly depends on the input-beam geometrical profile, as well as its temporal matching with the pumping beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progress of fast ignitor studies and Petawatt laser construction at Osaka University : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2202-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 100 TW light from the Petawatt Module (PWM) laser illuminated a preimploded spherical deuterated polystyrene(CD) shell target. The DD neutron yield increased from 2.5×105–106. Analysis indicates that hundreds of keV deuterons, generated around the critical density, collide with cold fuel deuterons and play the leading role in the enhancement of the neutron yield. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell (2D PIC) simulation predicted well the deuteron spectrum. A 60 TW laser was used for MeV proton emissions and megagauss magnetic fields generation on the rear surface of a Poly p-xylene(C8H8) plane target. The 2D PIC simulation explained well the results. The PWM laser was upgraded to one PW, making it the world biggest Petawatt laser (PW laser). An optically parametric chirped amplification was introduced in the front end. The pulse was synchronized to the GEKKO XII imploding beams to within 10 ps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1458588
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct-drive hydrodynamic instability experiments on the GEKKO XII laser (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 4079-4089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrodynamic instabilities, such as the Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability, play a critical role in inertial confinement fusion as they finally cause fuel-pusher mixing that potentially quenches thermonuclear ignition. Good understanding of the instabilities is necessary to limit the mixing within a tolerable level. A series of experiments has been conducted on the GEKKO XII laser facility [C. Yamanaka et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 1639 (1981)] to measure hydrodynamic instabilities in planar foils directly irradiated by 0.53 μm laser light. It has been found that (1) the imprint is reasonably explained by an imprint model based on the equation of motion with the pressure perturbation smoothed by the cloudy-day effect, and (2) the experimental R–T growth rate is significantly reduced from the classical growth rate due probably to ablative stabilization enhanced by nonlocal heat transport. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872528
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imprint reduction in a plasma layer preformed with x-ray irradiation (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1381-1391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme has been proposed for suppressing the initial imprint of the laser irradiation nonuniformities. The target is irradiated by a low intensity x-ray radiation prior to the direct-drive laser pulse. The x-ray irradiation generates a plasma expansion layer on the target surface. The thermal smoothing effect is expected to take place in the preformed plasma when the direct-drive laser pulse comes onto the target, and then, the initial imprint can be significantly reduced. Planar target experiments on the indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme were performed. The preformed plasma profile was measured by using x-ray side-on backlighting method. The reduction of the initial imprint was demonstrated by the indirect–direct-hybrid irradiation scheme on planar target experiments. The imprint is suppressed by a factor of 1.5–7 depending on x-ray preirradiation conditions. Results are in good agreement with the cloudy-day model with parameters derived from one-dimensional simulation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1455629
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