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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PHYTOREMEDIATION (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 49 (1998), S. 643-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. This cost-effective plant-based approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. In recent years, knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation began to emerge together with biological and engineering strategies designed to optimize and improve phytoremediation. In addition, several field trials confirmed the feasibility of using plants for environmental cleanup. This review concentrates on the most developed subsets of phytoremediation technology and on the biological mechanisms that make phytoremediation work.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.643
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Research Priorities for Conservation of Metallophyte Biodiversity and their Potential for Restoration and Site Remediation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Plants that have evolved to survive on metal-rich soils—metallophytes—have key values that must drive research of their unique properties and ultimately their conservation. The ability of metallophytes to tolerate extreme metal concentrations commends them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. Metallophytes can also be exploited in environmental technologies, for example, phytostabilization, phytoremediation, and phytomining. Actions towards conserving metallophyte species are imperative, as metallophytes are increasingly under threat of extinction from mining activity. Although many hundreds of papers describe both the biology and applications of metallophytes, few have investigated the urgent need to conserve these unique species. This paper identifies the current state of metallophyte research, and advocates future research needs for the conservation of metallophyte biodiversity and the sustainable uses of metallophyte species in restoration, rehabilitation, contaminated site remediation, and other nascent phytotechnologies. Six fundamental questions are addressed: (1) Is enough known about the global status of metallophytes to ensure their conservation? (2) Are metallophytes threatened by the activities of the minerals industry, and can their potential for the restoration or rehabilitation of mined and disturbed land be realized? (3) What problems exist in gaining prior informed consent to access metallophyte genetic resources and how can the benefits arising from their uses be equitably shared? (4) What potential do metallophytes offer as a resource base for phytotechnologies? (5) Can genetic modification be used to “design” metallophytes to use in the remediation of contaminated land? (6) Does the prospect of using metallophytes in site remediation and restoration raise ethical issues?
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00367.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and partial characterization of a lead-accumulating Brassica juncea mutant (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 398-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Brassica juncea ; Screening ; Mutants ; Cadmium ; Lead
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A new screening method for non-destructive, high-sensitivity, high-throughput isolation of plant mutants capable of accumulating large amounts of heavy metals has been developed. This method is based on incubating seedlings in a solution containing radioisotopes of the metals of interest and visualizing the tissue accumulation of these metals with a phosphorimager. We used this technique to isolate mutants of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern with increased accumulation of Cd and Pb for use in phytoremediation, an emerging technology using plants to remediate polluted soil and water. Approximately 50,000 M2 seedlings were screened and 21 mutants were recovered that retained increased accumulation through the third generation. Mutant 7/15–1 is characterized by enhanced Pb accumulation per unit of root fresh weight, stunted root growth, and decreased root cell size. Data indicate that roots of 7/15–1 contain more cell-wall material on a fresh-weight basis than roots of the wild-type, which may at least partially explain its ability to accumulate more Pb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051250
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mechanism of flocculation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell homogenate using polyethyleneimine (1996)
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 15 (1996), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of polyethyleneimine, electrolyte concentration and pH on the electrophoretic mobility values for whole yeast, yeast homogenate and borax clarified homogenate were observed. The polyethyleneimine concentration at which there is optimum clarification of the borax-clarified homogenate corresponded to a mobility value of zero. Increased floc size up to the point of zero mobility was obtained by use of polyethyleneimine of larger molecular weight and also higher concentration. The effect of ageing under shear on the size of the flocs was examined and indicated reversibility of break-up at low shear rates while at higher shear rates the flocs were irreversibly broken. Such growth and ageing observations suggest floc formation comprises a two-stage process; the initial formation of primary particles by polymer bridging, and the subsequent formation of larger flocs as these primary particles are brought together by charge neutralisation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372980
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mechanism of flocculation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell homogenate using polyethyleneimine (1996)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 15 (1996), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract  The effects of polyethyleneimine, electrolyte concentration and pH on the electrophoretic mobility values for whole yeast, yeast homogenate and borax clarified homogenate were observed. The polyethyleneimine concentration at which there is optimum clarification of the borax-clarified homogenate corresponded to a mobility value of zero. Increased floc size up to the point of zero mobility was obtained by use of polyethyleneimine of larger molecular weight and also higher concentration. The effect of ageing under shear on the size of the flocs was examined and indicated reversibility of break-up at low shear rates while at higher shear rates the flocs were irreversibly broken. Such growth and ageing observations suggest floc formation comprises a two-stage process; the initial formation of primary particles by polymer bridging, and the subsequent formation of larger flocs as these primary particles are brought together by charge neutralisation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372980
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