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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 'copper flowers' of Central Africa and their significance for prospecting and archaeology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Endeavour 6 (1982), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0160-9327
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(82)90107-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research Priorities for Conservation of Metallophyte Biodiversity and their Potential for Restoration and Site Remediation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants that have evolved to survive on metal-rich soils—metallophytes—have key values that must drive research of their unique properties and ultimately their conservation. The ability of metallophytes to tolerate extreme metal concentrations commends them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. Metallophytes can also be exploited in environmental technologies, for example, phytostabilization, phytoremediation, and phytomining. Actions towards conserving metallophyte species are imperative, as metallophytes are increasingly under threat of extinction from mining activity. Although many hundreds of papers describe both the biology and applications of metallophytes, few have investigated the urgent need to conserve these unique species. This paper identifies the current state of metallophyte research, and advocates future research needs for the conservation of metallophyte biodiversity and the sustainable uses of metallophyte species in restoration, rehabilitation, contaminated site remediation, and other nascent phytotechnologies. Six fundamental questions are addressed: (1) Is enough known about the global status of metallophytes to ensure their conservation? (2) Are metallophytes threatened by the activities of the minerals industry, and can their potential for the restoration or rehabilitation of mined and disturbed land be realized? (3) What problems exist in gaining prior informed consent to access metallophyte genetic resources and how can the benefits arising from their uses be equitably shared? (4) What potential do metallophytes offer as a resource base for phytotechnologies? (5) Can genetic modification be used to “design” metallophytes to use in the remediation of contaminated land? (6) Does the prospect of using metallophytes in site remediation and restoration raise ethical issues?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00367.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diverse chemical forms of heavy metals in tissue extracts of some metallophytes from Shaba Province, Zaire
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 20 (1981), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Aeolanthus biformifolius ; Buchnera henriquesii ; Faroa chalcophila ; Haumaniastrum robertii ; Silene cobalticola ; cobalt ; copper ; metallophytes. ; proton microprobe
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)84165-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on copper and cobalt tolerance in three closely related taxa within the genusSilene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Zaïre (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Silene burchelli ; Silene cobalticola ; Cobalt tolerance ; Cobalt uptake ; Copper tolerance ; Copper uptake ; Ecotype ; Exclusion mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out on the tolerance to and uptake of copper and cobalt by three members of a phylogenetic series of taxa within the genusSilene from Zaïre which were reputed to represent a progression of increasing adaptation to metalliferous soils. Plants studied were the widespread and presumably non-tolerantSilene burchelli var.angustifolia (B), a more tolerant variant of this taxon (E) designated an ecotype, and the metallophyteS. cobalticola (C). Studies on the effects of both metals, singly and in combination, on seed germination, seedling and plant performance and yield, and metal uptake from soil cultures, confirmed in general the sequence B〈E〈C in relation to tolerance of both copper and cobalt. The experimental evidence also supports the ecotypic status of E and points to E and C being relatively more tolerant to copper than to cobalt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184314
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper and cobalt in African species ofAeolanthus Mart. (Plectranthinae, Labiatae) (1978)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 50 (1978), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hyperaccumulators (here defined as species containing at least 500 μg/g dryweight of either copper or cobalt in leaves), are of interest for the fields of mineral exploration and phytochemistry. Reported hyperaccumulation of copper inAeolanthus biformifolius and the presence of two other species on copper/cobalt mineralization in Shaba (Zaïre) led to a survey of these elements in 49 species of the African genusAeolanthus Mart.A. biformifolius appears to be also a hyperaccumulator of Co (2520 μg/g in leaves, 4300 μg/g in corms). Cobalt levels for most species ofAeolanthus were considerably above typical values for phanerogams and indicate the favorable potential of the genus for further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper and cobalt in African species ofAeolanthus Mart. (Plectranthinae, Labiatae) (1978)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 50 (1978), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hyperaccumulators (here defined as species containing at least 500 μg/g dryweight of either copper or cobalt in leaves), are of interest for the fields of mineral exploration and phytochemistry. Reported hyperaccumulation of copper inAeolanthus biformifolius and the presence of two other species on copper/cobalt mineralization in Shaba (Zaïre) led to a survey of these elements in 49 species of the African genusAeolanthus Mart.A. biformifolius appears to be also a hyperaccumulator of Co (2520 μg/g in leaves, 4300 μg/g in corms). Cobalt levels for most species ofAeolanthus were considerably above typical values for phanerogams and indicate the favorable potential of the genus for further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper and cobalt uptake by metallophytes from Zaïre (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeolanthus ; Cobalt uptake ; Copper uptake ; Haumaniastrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pot trials were carried out on plants ofHaumaniastrum katangense, Haumaniastrum robertii andAeolanthus biformifolius. These metallophytes from Zaïre were grown in substrates containing from 0–10,000 μg/g (0–1%) copper or cobalt. The tolerance of each species was determined and for cobalt was highest inH. robertii (4000 μg/g) and for copper was highest inAeolanthus biformifolius (9000 μg/g). Discontinuities in the plant-soil curves for each element indicate an exclusion mechanism operating for all three species at lower concentrations of the element in the soil. All species would grow in soils containing only traces of cobalt or copper and this indicated that uptake of heavy metals was not linked to a physiological requirement for either element. The plant-soil relationship for cobalt (P〈0.001) was sufficiently good for all three species for them to be useful in biogeochemical prospecting for this element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140724
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonisation of modified metalliferous environments in Zaïre by the copper flowerHaumaniastrum katangense (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 289-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper flower ; Copper tolerance ; Haumaniastrum katangense ; Modified environments ; Phytoarchaeology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The distribution and dynamics ofHaumaniastrum katangense (S. Moore) duvign. et Plancke (‘copper flower’) in southern Shaba Province, Zaïre have been studied. In the course of 20 years, this species has spread well beyond its original distribution. It is a successful coloniser of manmade environments containing mineralized substrates: i.e. disturbed or non-disturbed copper/cobalt deposits; copper/cobalt mining sites; sites of precolonial smelters; verges of dirt roads dressed with mine waste; along railways carrying ore wagons. The presence ofH. katangense along the verges of railways and roads, explains the expansion of its distribution in modern times, however its occurrence over sites of precolonial copper smelting operations is of great importance in archaeology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184264
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of copper and cobalt orebodies upon the evolution of some plant species from Upper Shaba, Zaïre (1983)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 142 (1983), S. 207-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Caryophyllaceae ; Silene burchelli ; Silene cobalticola ; Cobalt uptake ; cobalt tolerance ; copper uptake ; copper tolerance-‚evolution ; flower morphology ; leaf anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The flora of the copper-cobalt ores of Upper Shaba, Zaïre, comprises some 220 taxa including 42 endemics. The origin of this flora is examined and an assessment has been made of its relationship with the flora of the high plateaux steppe-savannah (dilunguan flora). A first group consists of undifferentiated species limited to these two floras. A second group comprises cupriphilous taxa derived from closely-related and widely distributed species observed on the high plateaux and elsewhere. A third group consists of closely-related species or ecotypes confined to the areas. In theSilene burchelli complex (Caryophyllaceae) there is a gradual transition from the widespreadS. burchelli var.angustifolia on the high plateaux to a newly discoveredS. burchelli ecotype from a cupriferous outcrop at Luita, and toS. cobalticola from highly mineralized copper-cobalt deposits at Mindigi. This ecophyletic series provides a gradient of morphological anatomical, and physiological changes whose end members are distinct species. The subject of palaeoendemism and neoendemism in relation to metallophytes of Upper Shaba is also discussed. Colonisation of metalliferous soils by elements of the non-mineralised high plateau is believed to be a neoendemic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985899
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