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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of three megalithic sites in Argyllshire (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 253 (1975), S. 431-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As so much importance has been attached to the site at Ballochroy we surveyed it hoping to produce more accurate profile measurements. The site contains three menhirs aligned with the Island of Cara to the south-west, with the flattened faces of the central stone indicating approximately the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/253431a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research Priorities for Conservation of Metallophyte Biodiversity and their Potential for Restoration and Site Remediation (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants that have evolved to survive on metal-rich soils—metallophytes—have key values that must drive research of their unique properties and ultimately their conservation. The ability of metallophytes to tolerate extreme metal concentrations commends them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. Metallophytes can also be exploited in environmental technologies, for example, phytostabilization, phytoremediation, and phytomining. Actions towards conserving metallophyte species are imperative, as metallophytes are increasingly under threat of extinction from mining activity. Although many hundreds of papers describe both the biology and applications of metallophytes, few have investigated the urgent need to conserve these unique species. This paper identifies the current state of metallophyte research, and advocates future research needs for the conservation of metallophyte biodiversity and the sustainable uses of metallophyte species in restoration, rehabilitation, contaminated site remediation, and other nascent phytotechnologies. Six fundamental questions are addressed: (1) Is enough known about the global status of metallophytes to ensure their conservation? (2) Are metallophytes threatened by the activities of the minerals industry, and can their potential for the restoration or rehabilitation of mined and disturbed land be realized? (3) What problems exist in gaining prior informed consent to access metallophyte genetic resources and how can the benefits arising from their uses be equitably shared? (4) What potential do metallophytes offer as a resource base for phytotechnologies? (5) Can genetic modification be used to “design” metallophytes to use in the remediation of contaminated land? (6) Does the prospect of using metallophytes in site remediation and restoration raise ethical issues?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00367.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spider Genus Dysdera (Araneae, Dysderidae) (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 205 (1965), S. 1027-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The life-cycles of the two British species, Dysdera crocata and D. erythrina, appear to be the same. The eggs are laid in a spherical mass, only lightly stuck together, within a thick cocoon in which the parent herself is sealed. The eggs hatch in 3?4 weeks, depending on the temperature, and about ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2051027b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Ion Electrode in the Determination of Urinary Fluoride (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 1260-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Samples of urine were taken at random from malt-adults. Direct measurements of fluoride were made with the Orion electrode (model 94-09) in conjunction with the Orion specific ion meter (model 401). Microdiffusions and spectrophotometric determinations of fluoride wen made by the methods of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2271260a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floristic variation in plant communities on metalliferous mining residues in the northern and southern Pennines, England (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 10 (1988), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vegetation and soil surveys were conducted on metalliferous mine wastes in the northern and southern Pennines of England. Analyses of vegetation composition in relation to soil chemical variation were performed. Ordination analysis facilitated the detection of groups of co-occurring species which are characteristic of types of metal-contaminated soil. The results of regression analysis implied the importance of soil pH and concentration of available lead or zinc, depending upon region, in determining species distributions. A strong interactive effect was evident between soil phosphorus and zinc content in influencing species distributions in the southern Pennines sample. Regional similarities in the vegetation of apparently similar metalliferous soils existed. The unusually high species richness of some soils was associated with relatively low concentrations of heavy metals. Many species of relatively floristically-rich wastes were also colonists of surrounding grasslands or woodland. This indicated the potential importance of propagule availability and capability for rapid establishment on bare or unstable ground. Mechanisms of physiological stress avoidance, rather than heavy-metai tolerance, may explain the occurrence of non-metallophytes on soils contaminated with lead and zinc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01675624
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesion Scoring in Field Vole Teeth: Application to the Biological Monitoring of Environmental Fluoride Contamination (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 55 (1999), S. 409-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between fluoride-induced lesions, measured using an incremental scoring system, and fluoride concentration was investigated in the teeth of the field vole (Microtus agrestis). Both the magnitude of lesion score and the severity of observed lesions in both incisor and molar teeth was correlated with the respective tissue fluoride concentration. This relationship was observed not only in animals trapped from sites contaminated by industrial fluorides, but also those bred and maintained under laboratory conditions and consuming fluoride in either diet or drinking water. Although some variation occurred between field and laboratory animals as to the mean fluoride concentrations in the incisor or molar for each specific lesion score, this may result in part from differences in the nature of the assimilable fluoride in laboratory diets compared to those consumed by wild animals. The practical application of the relationship between dental lesion score and tissue fluoride concentration to monitoring environmental fluoride contamination is discussed. Because the incisor and molar teeth of the field voles are open-rooted and grow throughout life, they are sensitive to even minor temporal changes in fluoride concentration in tissue fluids and blood and, by inference, in the diet and the environment. Therefore, assessment of visual lesions in the dentition of wild-caught field voles may provide the basis of a scheme to monitor the magnitude and effects of environmental fluoride contamination on populations of wild and domestic mammals. The development of non-destructive methods to allow the repeated examination of the teeth of captured field voles, and hence the dynamic monitoring of environmental fluoride contamination, is also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005987016084
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grassland established on fluorspar tailings (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 51 (1990), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The total body concentrations of Pb, Cd, and fluoride were higher at the contaminated grassland site established on fluorspar tailings compared to an uncontaminated control site for all three species of small mammal, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus agrestis and Sorex araneus. Zn was also higher in M. agrestis and S. araneus but in A. sylvaticus it significantly decreased and, overall, there was good evidence of homeostatic control of Zn in all three species even at the high dietary intakes at the tailings dam. Accumulation in kidney, liver and bone(femur) showed the expected pattern with Pb and fluoride highest in bone and Cd in the kidney for both the control and the contaminated sites. The only exception was S. araneus at the contaminated site were Cd was highest in the liver rather than the kidney. The accumulation of Pb, Cd and fluoride at the contaminated site was in the decreasing species order S. araneus 〉 M. agrestis 〉 A. sylvaticus in terms of total body concentration or target organ concentration. This order probably reflected the decreasing dietary intake rates of the three species although physiological interspecific differences may be of significance. For example, S. araneus showed considerable capability for bioconcentrating Cd to much higher total body than dietary concentrations at the high dietary intake rates at the contaminated site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accumulation of lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride in the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 51 (1990), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, and fluoride were determined in liver, kidney and femur tissues 30 days after wood mice were provided with water containing soluble salts of these elements in their drinking water. There were eight treatment groups: Pb, Zn, Cd, and fluoride only; Zn and Cd (ZnCd); fluoride and Pb (FPb); fluoride, Pb, Zn, and Cd (FPbZnCd); and a control. Lead concentrations were highest in bone but were also significantly higher in the kidney but not liver when compared to the control. The highest kidney Pb levels were in the FPbZnCd treatment but they were not significantly higher than the Pb only group. Zinc concentrations were highest in kidney and not femur as is usually the case in field caught animals. Cadmium was also highest in the kidney in the high Cd treatments, however, the ZnCd treatment group had significantly lower kidney Cd levels than the Cd only group demonstrating the antagonistic effect of high Zn on Cd accumulation. This effect was reversed when high fluoride and Pb were also present (in the FPbZnCd group) and the kidney Cd reached its highest level. Fluoride showed the typically high levels in bone with only the combined treatment (FPbZnCd) showing a significant increase in kidney fluoride. These results are discussed in terms of the accumulation in wild small mammals caught in polluted sites particularly grasslands established on fluorspar wastes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211503
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological significance of antimony in contaminated grassland (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 57-58 (1991), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Highly elevated levels of Sb occurred in grassland soils near the only British Sb smelter. This soil Sb was found largely in immobile forms. Antimony in plant shoots was derived almost exclusively from the atmosphere with little from the soil. Elevated organ concentrations occurred in wild mammalian herbivores but were low compared to their estimated dietary concentrations. In short-term laboratory feeding experiments with Sb2O3, this low accumulation rate was confirmed in mice and voles and although elevated organ concentrations occurred they were not obviously harmful. Thus Sb in these smelter grasslands would seem to have low mobility but at present there is insufficient evidence to be confident in this assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282882
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