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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Oxford u.a. :Oxford University Pr.,
    Title: ¬An¬ introductory course in commutative algebra
    Author: Chatters, A. W.
    Contributer: Hajarnavis, C. R.
    Publisher: Oxford u.a. :Oxford University Pr.,
    Year of publication: 1998
    Pages: 144 S.
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of experiments was conducted on the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] to investigate the physical processes which limit density in high confinement mode (H-mode) discharges. The typical H-mode to low confinement mode (L-mode) transition limit at high density near the empirical Greenwald density limit [M. Greenwald et al., Nucl. Fusion 28, 2199 (1988)] was avoided by divertor pumping, which reduced divertor neutral pressure and prevented formation of a high density, intense radiation zone (MARFE) near the X-point. It was determined that the density decay time after pellet injection was independent of density relative to the Greenwald limit and increased nonlinearly with the plasma current. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in pellet-fueled plasmas was observed at all power levels, and often caused unacceptable confinement degradation, except when the neutral beam injected (NBI) power was ≤3 MW. Formation of MARFEs on closed field lines was avoided with low safety factor (q) operation but was observed at high q, qualitatively consistent with theory. By using pellet fueling and optimizing discharge parameters to avoid each of these limits, an operational space was accessed in which density ∼1.5×Greenwald limit was achieved for 600 ms, and good H-mode confinement was maintained for 300 ms of the density flat-top. More significantly, the density was successfully increased to the limit where a central radiative collapse was observed, the most fundamental density limit in tokamaks. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent measurements of the two-dimensional (2-D) spatial profiles of divertor plasma density, temperature, and emissivity in the DIII-D tokamak [J. Luxon et al., in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), p. 159] under highly radiating conditions are presented. Data are obtained using a divertor Thomson scattering system and other diagnostics optimized for measuring the high electron densities and low temperatures in these detached divertor plasmas (ne≤1021 m−3, 0.5 eV≤Te). D2 gas injection in the divertor increases the plasma radiation and lowers Te to less than 2 eV in most of the divertor volume. Modeling shows that this temperature is low enough to allow ion–neutral collisions, charge exchange, and volume recombination to play significant roles in reducing the plasma pressure along the magnetic separatrix by a factor of 3–5, consistent with the measurements. Absolutely calibrated vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and 2-D images of impurity emission show that carbon radiation near the X-point, and deuterium radiation near the target plates contribute to the reduction in Te. Uniformity of radiated power (Prad) (within a factor of 2) along the outer divertor leg, with peak heat flux on the divertor target reduced fourfold, was obtained. A comparison with 2-D fluid simulations shows good agreement when physical sputtering and an ad hoc chemical sputtering source (0.5%) from the private flux region surface are used. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first observations of marginally limited very high confinement mode (VH-mode) discharges have been achieved in DIII-D [Nucl. Fusion Special Supplement: World Survey of Activities in Controlled Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1990)] with significant reductions in peak heat flux conducted to plasma facing surfaces. In addition, quasistationary well limited high confinement-mode (H-mode) discharges have been obtained in DIII-D, also with reduced peak heat flux. This demonstration of reduced peak heat flux while maintaining high performance, i.e., high energy confinement time, can be important for the design of fusion ignition devices. Energy confinement enhancements in these high triangularity discharges are comparable to diverted discharges with similar parameters: τE/τITER-89P=2.9 for VH-mode and τE/τITER-89P=1.8 for quasistationary high confinement mode (H mode), where τITER-89P is the empirically derived low confinement mode (L-mode) energy confinement scaling relation [Nucl. Fusion 30, 1999 (1990)]. Comparisons of the conducted heat flux, particle flux, and radiated power profiles show a shift toward the inner wall as the discharge configuration becomes more limited. In addition to the advantage of reduced peak heat flux in these limiter discharges, such configurations also allow more effective use of the internal vessel volume, providing the potential for higher performance, i.e., higher plasma current at a fixed safety factor, q95. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 9 (1961), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 1239-1247 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem modeled is that of a surface of magnetic islands, which, because of flow of plasma relative to the islands, is exposed to a viscous force. Such a model is needed for describing the effects of error fields on a rotating plasma or to describe the effects of deliberately imposed, moving island surfaces on the plasma. The latter may be a useful tool to establish desirable rotation velocity profiles in tokamak plasmas, possibly resulting in better confinement. The model described is simple in that results may be obtained analytically and comprehensive in that it can account both for "locking'' circumstances, under which plasma inside islands is almost at rest in the island frame, and "slipping'' circumstances under which plasma slips rapidly in and out of islands. It can also account for discontinuous transitions between "locking'' and "slipping'' circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Two cases of xanthogranulomatous cystitis in conjunction with malignant neoplasms of the bladder are described.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsA partial gastrectomy specimen from a 55-year-old man showed a urachal adenocarcinoma partly surrounded by a large xanthogranulomatous inflammatory mass. Multiple resections of the locally recurring tumour over the subsequent 10 years did not show further xanthogranulomatous changes. In the second case, a 76-year-old woman, a focus of xanthogranulomatous cystitis was present near a moderately differentiated transitional-cell carcinoma of the vesico-ureteric junction.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsXanthogranulomatous inflammation is associated with malignant neoplasms in the bladder, as it is in the kidney and extra-urinary sites, as well as with benign neoplasms and non-neoplastic conditions such as urachal diverticula. The presence of a concomitant neoplasm should therefore be considered when the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cystitis is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 810-812 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Using y-ray data to find the distribution of cosmic rays has long been considered; for example, Dodds et a/.1 have reviewed the distribution of a mixed proton-electron component from analysis of y rays above lOOMeV towards the galactic anticentre. Here, SAS 2 satellite data2"4 is used in the energy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 277 (1979), S. 542-543 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A knowledge of the individual sources of y rays (and their summed intensity contribution) is relevant to energetic processes in discrete objects, but our own prime interest relates to the fact that useful conclusions about the origin of the particle component of cosmic radiation can be obtained by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 131 (1932), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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