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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthmatic symptoms and indoor levels of micro-organisms and house dust mites (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: As a part of a worldwide investigation on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, we have performed a study on the relationship between the indoor environment and asthma-like symptoms in the population of a central Swedish municipality. The study comprised 88 individuals, aged 20–45 years who underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test, skin-prick tests and blood samples for measurements of serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP), blood eosinophil count and total immunoglobulin E (S-IgE). In the homes, the room temperature, air humidity, respirable dust, house dust mites (HDM) and airborne micro-organisms were measured. The relative humidity in all the homes was found to be above 33%. HDM were found in 13% of homes. In the homes of the 47 subjects with asthma related symptoms, significantly higher total levels of bacteria and mould (P〈0.05) and a higher proportion of detected HDM (OR = 5.3) was found than in subjects with no asthma related symptoms, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, indoor temperature and air humidity. HDM were found to be an independent risk factor for asthma related symptoms (OR = 7.9) and nocturnal breathlessness (OR = 6.2) (P〈0.05), while the total level of bacteria was a risk factor for asthma related symptoms and wheezing (P〈0.05). We conclude that although HDM is relatively infrequently found in the homes of central-Sweden, the presence of HDM is related to asthmatic symptoms. A relation between levels of airborne bacteria and asthma related symptoms was also found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01073.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of asthmatic respiratory symptoms among adults in Estonian and Swedish university cities (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prevalence of atopy and related diseases is lower among children in Eastern European countries than in countries with a market economy. Such comparisons have not been made in adults. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) postal questionnaire was mailed to random samples of 3000 inhabitants in Tartu, Estonia, and 3600 in Uppsala, Sweden, between the ages of 20 and 44 years. Asthmatic symptoms (wheeze with breathlessness occurring in the absence of colds) were less prevalent in Tartu (4.6% vs 6.8%, P〈0.001), as were attacks of asthma (1.9% vs 3.3%, P〈0.01), current asthma medication (0.7% vs 4.9%), and allergic rhinitis (17.8% vs 22.2%, P〈0.001). Age was inversely related to allergic rhinitis in Uppsala (P〈0.05), but not in Tartu. Nocturnal respiratory symptoms (wakening with chest tightness or being woken by an attack of breathlessness or an attack of cough) were more prevalent in Tartu (P〈 0.001), and their prevalence increased with age (P〈0.05) in Tartu, but not in Uppsala. Symptoms of asthma and hay fever were less common but other respiratory problems more common in Tartu than in Uppsala. The difference in the prevalence of hay fever diminished with age, supporting the notion that the increasing prevalence of allergy among children and young adults in Western Europe is caused by a cohort effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04618.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venom allergy in adult Swedes: a population study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hymenoptera allergies are a cause of considerable morbidity. However, deaths due to insect sting constitute a health hazard that can be minimized by effective therapy. We report the results of a study of 1815 men and women, aged 20–44 years and resident in three areas of Sweden. The prevalence of sensitization to the venom allergens of honeybees and wasps was assessed by RAST. Atopy and allergic diseases were considered possible risk factors for symptom development. Of the 1815 subjects, 1399 were randomly chosen from the general population. Of the random sample, 9.3% had specific bee or wasp IgE, 1.5% reported systemic reactions to bee or wasp stings, and 0.6% had both. Sensitization to bee or wasp correlated positively with atopy (odds ratio (OR) 2.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.4–2.8, P〈0.0001), male sex (OR 1.8, CI 1.3–2.5, P〈0.001), and age (OR 2.0, CI 1.4–2.8, P〈0.01), and negatively to living in the northernmost of the three centers (OR 0.4, CI 0.3–0.7, P〈0.001). Atopy was not found to be a risk factor for systemic reactions. We conclude that the prevalence of Hymenoptera allergy in Sweden is rather low when compared with other countries. Subjects with atopy seem to have an increased risk of becoming sensitized but do not develop systemic reactions more frequently than nonatopic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05052.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum eosinophil cationic protein in relation to bronchial asthma in a young Swedish population (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: How are the serum concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) and the blood eosinophil count (B-Eos) related to symptoms of asthma, allergy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR)? We measured S-ECP, B-Eos, and total and specific IgE in serum in blood samples from 699 randomly selected persons 20–44 years old. They also underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test, and skin prick tests as part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. B-Eos and S-ECP were found to be closely related to asthma symptom score (P 〈 0.001), total IgE (P 〈 0.001), and BHR (P 〈 0.001). On the basis of the results, the subjects were divided into four groups: healthy controls, patients with allergic rhinitis, patients with nonallergic asthma, and patients with allergic asthma. There were significant differences in both B-Eos and S-ECP among the groups (P 〈 0.001), the highest values being found in the allergic asthma group. B-Eos and S-ECP each had an additive value in predicting the occurrence of asthma. Among persons with high concentrations of both variables, asthma was eight times more common than in those with low concentrations. Allergy and BHR were also found to be independently related to B-Eos and S-ECP levels. Furthermore, both B-Eos and S-ECP showed good correlation to subjective and objective measures of asthma activity. We conclude that both B-Eos and S-ECP and their interrelationship may be of value in assessing the activity of asthma. However, their role in disease management was not established in this cross-sectional study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02095.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the Th1/Th2 balance, including IL-10 production,in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells frombirch-pollen-allergic patients (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Excessive production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 is thought to be important in the development of allergy and asthma. The objective of this investigation was to study Th1/Th2-like cytokine profiles in vitro in seven patients allergic to birch pollen and six nonallergic controls during the birch-pollen season. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and cultured with birch-pollen extract (BPE) or tetanus toxoid (TT) for 7 days, harvested, and restimulated with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. Cytokine production was determined by ELISA, and logarithmic cytokine ratios were compared between the two groups and between the antigens. Results: In the allergic group, the cultures prestimulated with BPE had a more Th2-like cytokine response than the TT-prestimulated cultures; i.e., lower IFN-γ and higher IL-10 production (P〈0.05), as well as higher IL-5/IFN-γ and IL-13/IFN-γ ratios (P〈0.05). There were also significantly higher IL-4/IFN-γ (P〈0.005) and IL-5/IFN-γ (P〈0.05) ratios in BPE-stimulated cultures in the allergic group than in the control group. The IL-4 and IL-13 production in vitro correlated with the specific serum IgE levels. Conclusions: BPE stimulation induces a Th2-like cytokine response by PBMC isolated during the pollen season from birch-pollen-allergic patients, indicating a Th2-type immune response to birch pollen in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00244.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid-induced colonic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome: the role of 5-HT3 receptors (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Irritable bowel syndrome patients demonstrate colonic hypersensitivity after duodenal lipid infusion.Aim : To investigate the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptors in this sensory component of the gastrocolonic response in irritable bowel syndrome.Methods : Fifteen female patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome completed a trial with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist alosetron (1 mg b.d.) or placebo (b.d.) over 15 days, followed by the alternative treatment. Each treatment period was followed by a colonic distension trial before and after duodenal lipids. Changes in colonic thresholds, tone and compliance and viscerosomatic referral pattern after lipids were compared between treatments.Results : With placebo, the colonic thresholds after lipids were significantly reduced for all studied sensations, whereas, with alosetron, the thresholds were significantly reduced only for first sensation and discomfort, but not for gas and pain. The reductions in thresholds did not differ significantly between treatments, but the pain threshold after alosetron tended to be less reduced compared with placebo (P = 0.10). The effects of lipids on tone, compliance and viscerosomatic referral pattern were unaffected by alosetron relative to placebo.Conclusions : 5-HT3 receptor antagonism reduces the lipid-induced colonic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. However, 5-HT3 receptors do not seem to be the principal mediator, but may be a cofactor for the exaggerated sensory component of the gastrocolonic response in irritable bowel syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01399.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjögren's syndrome (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Different mechanisms may underlie bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in different diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the bronchial responsiveness profile produced by three different challenge tests, methacholine, a direct simulus, and two indirect stimuli, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and cold air, in subjects with asthma and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: The study population comprised 40 adult patients with asthma, 18 subjects with Sjögren's syndrome, and 20 controls. Blood samples were collected before each challenge for measurements of serum eosinophil peroxidase (S-EPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP). The investigated subjects recorded peak expiratory flow and kept a symptom diary. Results: Atopic subjects with asthma were significantly more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects with asthma (P=0.01) and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome (P=0.02). No difference was seen between atopic and nonatopic subjects with asthma in the case of challenges with methacholine or cold air. In atopic subjects with asthma, a significant correlation was found between challenges with methacholine and AMP (r=0.91, P=0.0001) and methacholine and cold air (r=0.83, P=0.004), but, in nonatopic subjects with asthma, no significant correlation was seen between methacholine and AMP or cold air challenges. In atopic subjects with asthma, the dose-response slope for AMP was correlated to S-EPO (r=−0.56; P=0.01) and S-ECP (r=−0.51, P=0.02), while no correlation between BHR and inflammation markers was found in the two other patient groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that patients with asthma and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome display different bronchial responsiveness profiles for different challenge agents. Atopic subjects with asthma are more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. More than one challenge may be required to detect different aspects of bronchial responsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00252.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitization to airborne and food allergens in Reykjavík (Iceland) and Uppsala (Sweden) – a comparative study (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of atopic sensitization and possible risk factors for allergies in two ethnically similar but geographically widely separated urban populations. Methods: Data from two centers of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, Reykjavík, Iceland, and Uppsala, Sweden, were utilized. This included a structured interview, skin prick tests, and blood samples for total and specific IgE for common aeroallergens. Additional measurements of specific IgE antibodies to common food antigens were performed. Furthermore, data on social environment, lifestyle, air pollution, and meteorologic variables were compared. Results: Skin prick tests were done on 540 individuals in Reykjavík and 527 in Uppsala. The overall prevalence of at least one positive prick test was 20.5% in Reykjavík and 34.2% in Uppsala (P〈0.001). Total and specific IgE were measured in serum from 521 subjects in Reykjavík and 472 in Uppsala. The geometric mean value for total IgE was significantly lower in Reykjavík (13.4 kU/l) than in Uppsala (24.7 kU/l) (P〈0.001). Similarly, the overall prevalence of at least one specific IgE to airborne allergens was 23.6% in Reykjavík and 32.3% in Uppsala (P〈0.01). Specific IgE to a food panel (fx5) was measured in 502 subjects in Reykjavík, and 434 in Uppsala. In Reykjavík, 20 individuals (4.0%) were positive to one or more of the allergens in the food panel compared to 27 (6.0%) in Uppsala. When the single allergens present in the food panel were measured, altogether 16 positive reactions were found in Reykjavík compared to 47 in Uppsala (P〈0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of sensitization to both airborne and food allergens was lower in Reykjavík than in Uppsala. The difference may be due to environmental and/or dietary differences or to some yet undefined factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00093.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperinsulinaemia impairs gastrointestinal motility and slows carbohydrate absorption (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin diabetes mellitus ; gastrointestinal motility ; gastric emptying ; motilin ; hyperinsulinaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (insulin levels 46±4 mU/l) impaired the postabsorptive gastrointestinal motility in healthy individuals; the effect being particularly pronounced in the upper gastrointestinal tract (stomach and proximal duodenum). The postprandial gastric emptying, measured with a standardized99mTc labelled meal, was also significantly delayed (t50 increased by 38% or 32 min). This was combined with a slower carbohydrate absorption (delay in peak blood glucose level about 40 min). Furthermore, during experimental hyperinsulinaemia higher blood glucose levels were seen at 120 min than at 60 min after food ingestion. This was not seen in any subject in the control study where only 0.9% NaCl was infused. Blood levels of the motility-stimulating hormone, motilin, were significantly lower during experimental hyperinsulinaemia. Thus, experimental hyperinsulinaemia impairs the gastrointestinal motility in both the postabsorptive and postprandial states. This effect is combined with a delayed carbohydrate absorption. Hyperinsulinaemia per se may thus lead to alterations in carbohydrate absorption and can also contribute to the gastrointestinal disturbances in diabetes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 79–85]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369356
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperinsulinaemia impairs gastrointestinal motility and slows carbohydrate absorption (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin diabetes mellitus ; gastrointestinal motility ; gastric emptying ; motilin ; hyperinsulinaemia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (insulin levels 46 ± 4 mU/l) impaired the postabsorptive gastrointestinal motility in healthy individuals; the effect being particularly pronounced in the upper gastrointestinal tract (stomach and proximal duodenum). The postprandial gastric emptying, measured with a standardized 99 m Tc labelled meal, was also significantly delayed (t 50 increased by 38 % or 32 min). This was combined with a slower carbohydrate absorption (delay in peak blood glucose level about 40 min). Furthermore, during experimental hyperinsulinaemia higher blood glucose levels were seen at 120 min than at 60 min after food ingestion. This was not seen in any subject in the control study where only 0.9 % NaCl was infused. Blood levels of the motility-stimulating hormone, motilin, were significantly lower during experimental hyperinsulinaemia. Thus, experimental hyperinsulinaemia impairs the gastrointestinal motility in both the postabsorptive and postprandial states. This effect is combined with a delayed carbohydrate absorption. Hyperinsulinaemia per se may thus lead to alterations in carbohydrate absorption and can also contribute to the gastrointestinal disturbances in diabetes. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 79–85]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050256
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